Of the seven Crusade expeditions, the Third Crusade was attended by renowned kings. I would like to see what kind of country the king participated in and what kind of process was followed.
Third Crusade Expedition
The Second Crusade's expedition was the result of the First Crusade's expedition, the Crusader States Count of Edessa . Is Seljuk dynasty Zengid Dynasty independent of the local government It was the beginning that it was made to fall by.
When Zhangi, the person who created this Zangi dynasty, died suddenly, his eldest son and second son and their subordinates began to vie for territory. Saladin who was with this second son ( Saladin Tomo) took advantage of the turmoil Ayyubid Established.
Ayyubid dynasty When he began to move to drive out Christian forces from Palestine, he finally Jerusalem in 1187. Jerusalem , which was also the capital of Has fallen.
Jerusalem for Christians Is a sanctuary is. This sanctuary is Ayyubid I couldn't keep silent when I was taken by.
It was Pope Gregory VIII who saw this situation seriously. .. He called on the Third Crusade to England, France and more. At this time
- Richard I [Lion King]:King of England
- Frederick I [Redbeard Emperor]:Holy Roman Emperor
- Philip II [King of Dignity]:King of France
and several kings / emperors and quite luxurious members are participating.
In this way, it led to the expedition from 1189 to 1192.
Also, while the 1st and 2nd Crusade expeditions (← the 2nd is almost the same route as the 1st) was an expedition by land, the 3rd is mainly an expedition by sea. increase.
Many were shocked to see the Mediterranean coast and the advanced regions of Islam for the first time on this expedition . Is believed to be. It seems that bartering was the basis in Western Europe around this time, and the shocked Western European countries began to develop commerce and the decline of feudal society.
In that sense, it can be said that the Third Crusade Expedition was a turning point. Let's see how the expedition actually went.
Frederick I's departure
The first team was Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich I was.
This Friedrich I Is Italian Campaign Famous for his emperor, he was the creator of the Lombard League between cities in northern Italy.
Although he had already reached a consensus between the cities of Northern Italy and the Holy Roman Empire, the Holy Roman Empire From Italy It would have been more efficient to go by land than to go out and head to Syria by sea. I headed for Syria by the same land route as the first one.
However, Friedrich I Enters the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire that began to coexist with the Islamic dynasty By sabotage Will be done.
The Byzantine Empire has been through to the expedition without the same camp or cooperation. However, when I came here, I broke out into hostile behavior . It will be.
Even so, Room =Seljuk Dynasty Frederick I in a situation where the capital of Japan is about to fall and finally head for Jerusalem. Accidental Death in Cilicia's territory I will do it. This sudden death repatriates most of the Holy Roman Army Especially.
The Holy Roman Empire , which was part of the Third Crusade's troops The withdrawal cast a big shadow.
England and France Conflict
England crossing the sea to Jerusalem Richard I (Richard I of England) and France Philip II (King of Dignity) However, it was actually a very troublesome relationship just because he joined the Crusades with the same purpose at the request of the Pope.
It's easy to imagine if you look at the family tree. .. ..
Philip II And Richard I Alienor , a very wealthy lady in her father's generation Is the French royal family Louis VII After marrying and giving birth to a child, divorced and Henry II of England And remarriage.
Divorce is due to consanguineous marriage, but in reality Alienor It seems that his unfaithfulness and his suspicion were great.
In the map above, the shaded area Alienor The vast land of King Henry II of England Especially.
* Normandy Maine Anjou Touraine is owned by Henry II, who is already the Duke of Normandy, Counts Anjou, and Counts Maine (King of England). Louis VII and Henry II are included in French territory because of their master-slave relationship.
It was a double relationship that the King of England was on an equal footing with King Louis VII of France, but the Count of Anjou was a vassal of the King of France. It's complicated. .. ..
Aquitaine , albeit in a master-slave relationship Henry II who acquired a large territory like this and now has more than half the land of French territory. Against Louis VII Feels a sense of crisis and begins a conflict. The conflict was passed on to his sons.
Philip II because my mother or stepmother is the same And Richard I There was a time when I was getting along well, but if there was such a conflict, my sons would usually get sick (I will omit the details).
At first, we were heading together, but we broke up on the way and entered the Palestinian region by sea.
Let's see the movements of Richard I and Philip II
In the case of Richard I
The two were separately in Palestine, but Richard I of England. A part of the fleet of fleets is in distress on the island of Cyprus due to a storm on the way.
At that time, Cyprus was ruled by a taishou who was trying to become independent of the Byzantine Empire.
This taishou plunders the crew and treasures of the Richard camp that was washed ashore. His mother, Eleanor, and her fiancé were also on board a ship to Jerusalem and were arrested for ransom.
So Richard I He occupied Cyprus before entering Palestine and then resumed the Crusaders' expedition.
Richard I Seems to have been less particular about his territory (the Crusaders' expedition was more important to Richard), and Cyprus once entrusted control to the Knights Templar and then had a connection the following year. Kingdom of Jerusalem King Ghee I'm handing it over to.
Of course, this one is also Byzantine Empire I have a crack in my relationship with. The relationship between the two is no longer good.
In the case of Philip II
One Richard I Philip II Hou Montferrat, who was hostile to Ghee Conrad I We have an alliance with.
Conrad I Was one of the active members of the Third Crusade, Kingdom of Jerusalem While other cities are falling one after another, he is the last fortified and quite capable person who protected the city of Tire to the end and was very feared by the Islamic side.
This Conrad I And the King of Jerusalem, Ghee (Although they are in a hostile relationship) cooperated to counterattack the Islamic forces, and while surrounding the land of Acre, [Acre siege] , Philip II Also joins the siege of Acre.
Furthermore, from Europe Archduke Leopold V Richard I is late when he arrives as a reinforcement Also joined Acre I am letting you.
What happened in the Crusaders after the fall of Acre? ??
Philip II And Richard I ..
Leopold V , who also brought together the Germans of the Crusades Is Richard I And Philip II Seeking the same treatment as
Richard I with his own flag Leopold with a grudge dragged down by Withdrawal. Philip II Withdrawal due to illness, Richard I I decided to aim to capture Jerusalem only.
It was Conrad I who gathered the hearts of the princes when they saw the three trying to pass through. It seems that it was.
Richard I and Saladin's speculation
Richard I Drops the nearby port town first and uses it as a base Jerusalem I plan to make him fall, but after I get a base, Saladin A great struggle in front of the large army led by him.
Meanwhile, he Saladin tried to regain the fallen port town, which was based in the Crusades. Did not drop despite having a numerical advantage.
Both of them have the intention of a truce, so we spent a year concluding a truce agreement behind the battle after negotiations.
The agreement, including Acre, is based on the promise that "some coastal urban areas will be under the rule of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, but Jerusalem will be under Islamic power."
There is also a conditional promise that "general Christians can go to Jerusalem for a pilgrimage." Somehow at the last minute Kingdom of Jerusalem I was able to avoid the destruction of.
The remaining King of Jerusalem Conrad I However, it seems that he was killed by an assassin from the Order of Assassins (Nizari) because he was feared by the Islamic forces after the opposition of the former King Guy until the end.
In this way, the 3rd Crusade Expedition was able to secure the coastal area due to the internal collapse of the Crusade, but the original purpose was to recapture Jerusalem . It is supposed to end without achieving the result.