An eventful period from 1200 to 1400. At this time, the crusades continued, in the east the Mongols led by Genghis Khan conquered many states, in England the Magna Carta was issued, then a parliament appeared, and in France - the States General, Marco Polo traveled to China and the Inquisition was created. Also at this time, the campaigns of Tamerlane, the beginning of the Hundred Years War, the plague pandemic, called the Black Death, which claimed the lives of one third of the population of Europe, as well as many other events.
1202 Founding of the Order of the Brothers of Christ of the Chivalry, or the Order of the Sword
1202-1204 Fourth Crusade. The capture and sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders
1204-1261 The Nicaean Empire is a state that was formed on the territory of northwestern Anatolia after the capture of Constantinople by the crusaders. The Latin Empire is a state that was formed on part of the territory of the Byzantine Empire after the Fourth Crusade.
1206 The All-Mongolian Kurultai announced the creation of the Great Mongolian State and proclaimed Temujin the Great Khan, giving him the title of Genghis Khan
1206-1227 The reign of Genghis Khan
1209-1229 Albigensian Wars in France (Catholic Church against Albigensian heresy, Cathar crusades)
1211-1279 Mongol conquest of China
1212 The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa between the Spanish and Arab armies is a turning point in the Reconquista
1215 Magna Carta in England. King John the Landless recognizes the rights of the barons. Creation by Pope Innocent III of a special ecclesiastical court of the Catholic Church - the Inquisition
1217-1221 gg. Fifth Crusade
1219-1221 Mongols' conquest of Central Asia
1223 Battle on the Kalka River. The defeat of the Russian army by the Mongols
1228-1229 The Sixth Crusade, the return of Jerusalem, Nazareth and Bethlehem to Christians
AD 1231-1259 The sixth campaign of the Mongols in Korea
1236-1242 The Western campaign of the Mongols led by Chingizid Batu and commander Subedei
1238-1492 Third Emirate of Granada
1240 Neva battle. The victory of the Novgorodians under the leadership of Prince Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedes. Capture of Kyiv by the Mongols
1242 Battle on the Ice on Lake Peipsi - the victory of the Russian army of Alexander Nevsky over the Livonian knights
1248-1254 Seventh Crusade
1260-1277 The reign of Baibars I, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria, who successfully fought against the Mongol Ilkhans and European crusaders
1261 Liberation of Constantinople from the Latins, restoration of the Byzantine Empire
1263-1265 Civil war in England between the king and the barons. Battle of Lewes, Evesham. Creation of Parliament
1270 Eighth Crusade
1270-1273 The uprising of the Sambelchs in Korea against the Mongols and the Korean king obedient to them
1271 Official start of the Yuan Dynasty in North China
1272-1295 Travel of Marco Polo to China
1274, 1281 Unsuccessful campaigns of the Mongolian fleet to the shores of Japan. The ships of the Mongolian-Korean-Chinese fleet were destroyed by a typhoon (divine wind - “kamikaze”)
1291 Formation of the Confederation of the Swiss Cantons (Swiss Union). Fall of Accra. The loss of the last possessions in the East by the crusaders
1293 The invasion of Russia by Khan Tudan (Dyudenya), the ruin of Russian cities
1296-1314 Scottish War of Independence. Defeat of the Scottish forces at the Battle of Dunbar in 1296. Rise of William Wallace
1298-1308 Reign of German Emperor Albrecht I of Austria
1299 Founding of the Ottoman State
1302 Uprising in Flanders against the French occupying army ("Bruges Matins", "Battle of the Spurs" at Courtrai). The expulsion of French troops from Flanders
1302-1789 The Estates General is the highest class-representative institution in France
1305 Arrest and execution of the leader of the Scottish struggle against England, William Wallace
1306-1329 The reign of Robert 1 Bruce - King of Scotland, founder of the royal Bruce dynasty
1307-1314 The defeat of the Knights Templar in France
1308-1313 Emperor Henry VII of Germany annexes the Czech Republic to his possessions
1309-1377 "Avignon captivity" of Catholic popes
1311 The Battle of Almiros in Greece, which put an end to the existence of the Duchy of Athens, created by the Crusaders after the Fourth Crusade
1312 Adoption of Islam as the state religion by the Golden Horde
1316-1341 The reign of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gedimin, the founder of the Gedimin dynasty
1325 Founding of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital
1325-1340 Years of reign of Ivan Kalita, Prince of Moscow, Grand Duke of Vladimir
1327-1336 The reign of Jayavarman IX (Jayavarman Parameswara), the last king of the Khmer Empire
1328 The Treaty of Northampton was a peace treaty between Scotland and England that ended the first period of the War of Scottish Independence
1331 The battle of Okmen is the defeat of the Teutonic Knights by the combined Lithuanian-Russian-Tatar army, which stopped the German aggression against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1336-1405 The years of life of Tamerlane (Timur) - the founder of the empire (the capital is Samarkand) and the Timurid dynasty
1336-1573 Muromachi period in Japanese history
1337-1453 The Hundred Years' War between England and France
1340 The Battle of Sluys is the first major naval battle in the Hundred Years' War, the victory in which provided the British and their allies with complete superiority at sea
1341-1355 Civil war in Byzantium
1346 English victory over French at Crecy
1346-1351 "Black Death" ("black pestilence") - a plague pandemic that led to the death of several tens of millions of people The population of Europe decreased by one third
1347 The Bahmanid Sultanate is the first Muslim state in southern India. Rise of Cola di Rienzo. Proclamation of the Republic in Rome
1348-1352 War of Byzantium with Genoa
1351 China Red Turban Rebellion
1353 King Fa Ngum founded the state of Lan Xang ("country of a million elephants and a white umbrella"), now - Laos
1356 The defeat of the French by the British at the Battle of Poitiers. King John II the Good of France was taken prisoner. The Golden Bull is a legislative act of the Holy Roman Empire, recognizing the full sovereignty of the princes in their possessions and regulating the election of the German king (emperor)
1358 Peasant uprising "Jacquerie" in France
1359-1389 The reign of Dmitry Donskoy - Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir
1368-1398 The reign of the Chinese Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty
1368-1644 Ming Dynasty in China
1375-1378 "War of the Eight Saints" - a war between the papal state, led by Pope Gregory XI, and a coalition of Italian states, led by Florence
1378 In the battle on the Vozha River, the Russian army of Dmitry Donskoy defeats the Golden Horde under the command of Murza Begich
1378-1417 "Great Schism" (papal schism) in the Catholic Church. Simultaneous reign of two or three popes
1380 The Battle of Kulikovo, the defeat of the Tatar-Mongolian troops of Mamai by Prince Dmitry Donskoy
1381 Wat Tyler's peasant uprising in England
1382 The sack of Moscow and Kolomna by Khan Tokhtamysh
1385 The Union of Krewo is an agreement on a dynastic union between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland. Battle of Savra between the armies of the Ottoman Sultan and the Serbian princes. The defeat of the Serbs, most of the local Serbian and Albanian princes became vassals of the Ottomans
1386-1405 Campaigns of Tamerlane
1389 The defeat of Serbia (the army of Serbs, Bulgarians, Bosnians and Croats) in the Kosovo field from Turkey
1393-1396 The capture of Bulgaria by the Turks
1394-1399 Campaigns of the English King Richard III in Scotland, Ireland
1397 Kalmar Union of Denmark, Sweden and Norway against the Hansa
1397-1487 Reforms in the Aztec Empire by Emperor Tlacael. The introduction of the custom of "flower wars" and constant human sacrifice
1399 Defeat in the Battle of Vorskla of the united army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led by Prince Vitovt, and his Russian and German allies from the Golden Horde, led by Khan Timur-Kutlut and Emir Yedigey