Insulting of the Pope by Frank King Charlemagne
Charlemagne, the French ruler who ended the Lombardy rule from Rome at the invitation of Pope Adrian (I) in AD 772, was a powerful king. So he had no difficulty in establishing his dominance in Rome. The Pope thought that after the liberation from the Lombardy, the Pope would be the real and sole ruler of Rome, but Charlemagne did not fulfill the Pope's wish and he established his dominance over the Pope shortly afterwards.
Charlemagne got this power from the magnanimity of his empire. His empire included not only France and Rome, but the Netherlands, Switzerland, half Germany and half Italy were also part of his empire. Charlemagne became autocratic after suppressing the Pope, which made the situation in Rome worse than before.
Indecency with the Pope
An imported emperor also snatched away the peace that had already been ruined Rome. In Rome, a group of men and women were formed in the face of the emperor, who abused the pope and replaced one pope and made another priest or bishop the pope. During that period the Christian clergy also became a part of the feudal system. He was both a religious-priest and a feudal-sardar. Thus feudalism came to dominate both the Church and the Pope in this era.
Half of the empire's land and property went into the hands of bishops, abates, cardinals and common clergy. The Pope of this era was himself a great feudal lord. So Charlman easily suppressed him.
State power to Pippin (II)
Charlemagne appointed his third son Pippin as the ruler of Rome in AD 781. The Pope was already thinking of getting rid of Charlemagne. The Pope crowned Pippin (II) in a grand ceremony in Rome in AD 781. After this, Charlemagne rapidly expanded his power in Italy.
He also wiped out the Lombardy from other regions of Italy. By AD 782, Charlemagne had become the most powerful Christian ruler among the kings of Western Europe. During this period, Rome had become only a small province of the French Empire.
The Exodus of Pope Leo (III) from Rome
On 26 December 795, Leo (III) became king of the 'Papal State of the Vatican' and Pope of the Catholic Church of Rome. He did not like the interference of King Charlemagne of France in Rome. Charlman also understood this. He thought of a way to get the Pope on his way.
On 25 April 799, Pope Leo III took out a traditional procession from Lateran to the San Lorenzo Church in Louisiana and to the Via Flaminia. In this procession, two disciples of Rome's predecessor, Pope Adrian, mortally attacked Pope Leo III because they did not like the Pope's policy towards Emperor Charlemagne.
Both of these disciples of Adrian were powerful feudatories of Rome and were loyal to Emperor Charlemagne. Pope Leo (III) was badly injured in this attack but somehow escaped to France to seek help from the French-ruled Charlmagne. That's what Charlman wanted.
Pope's return to Rome
In November 800, Charlemagne entered Rome with a large army. There was no one to stop him in Rome. His son was the ruler of Rome. Charlemagne was accompanied by a large number of French bishops. Pope Leo (III) also came to Rome with these bishops. Charlemagne organized a court in Rome and heard the dispute between Pope Leo (III) and his attackers as a trial.
By doing this he wanted to demonstrate that the emperor had the right to try and punish the pope in the same way he gives to other people. The Romans believed that after this trial the Pope would be removed and both the feudatories would be exonerated, but the Romans and Catholic Christians in other countries of Europe were surprised to see that the king after completing the trial. Charlemagne ruled that Leo (III) was the canonical pope of Rome and that the Romans had no right to attack him.
Charlemagne expelled the invading feudatories from Rome. Historians believe that this judicial process was a pre-determined bargain between the Pope and the King, in which the Pope got the Church and Charlemagne got the unfettered right to rule Rome. Now Rome was all set to bow down to Charlemagne's power.
Coronation of Holy Roman Emperor
'Papal Coronation' of Frank King Charlemagne at St. Peter's Basilica on 25 December 800 That means he was given the 'Holy Roman Crown' Dressed and 'Augustus of Romans' was awarded the title. Simultaneously in Rome 'Holy Roman Empire' ( Sacrum Imperium Romanum ) was established. This was the first edition of the Holy Roman Empire which lasted until AD 888.
The well-known thinker Voltaire has defined the Holy Roman Empire by writing- 'It was a thing that was neither holy, nor Roman nor empire.'
Rome's hand of friendship to Baghdad
The Frank King Charlemagne completely broke off Rome's connection with Kustunnia. On this the emperor of Kustuntnia threatened Charlemagne of war. Charlemagne, with the help of the Caliph of Baghdad, Haroon Rashid, devised a plan to destroy the Eastern Roman Empire of Constantinople. In this plan, Rome and Baghdad were proposed to fight together with Rome's enemy Kustunnia and Baghdad's enemy Spain's Saracens.
This was a proposal that could not be accepted in any era from that era till today, in which some Christians and Muslims were proposed to fight together with other Christians and Muslims. The strong linker needed to connect Rome and Baghdad was not available in this proposal.
The Muslim rulers of two countries could fight together against the Christian rulers of two countries, but one Christian and one Muslim country could not fight together with another Christian and other Muslim country. So this plan failed.
Charlman's Descendants
Charlemagne's son Pippin (II) continued to rule Rome till AD 810. After that Bernard was made the ruler of Rome who ruled Rome till AD 818. Emperor Charlemagne died in AD 814 and disputes arose among his descendants for the division of the empire. His Descendants 'Carlowijian' Were called It is a Latin word meaning 'Descendants of Charles' is from. Of his three descendants one fat, one bald anda humble It was called.
Lothier continued till AD 818-39 and Louis (II) until AD 839-75. To 'Papal Emperor' was called This title remained with the descendants of Charlemagne until AD 888. After this, the descendants of Charlemagne were completely wiped out from Rome and Italy. With his conclusion 'Holy Roman Empire' The first edition of has ended.
Chaos in Rome
In AD 888, a struggle broke out among the descendants of Charlemagne for the right of the state. For this reason, no king was given the title of 'Papal Emperor' by the Pope. Civil war broke out in the streets of Italy. Citizens and groups of nobles wanted to make a person of their choice the king of Rome. Due to this, the system of governance in Rome was completely destroyed and chaos prevailed in almost the whole of Italy.
The Catholic Church was dominated by the wealthy Romans. Most of them were not religious people, they were political people and it was normal for them to take someone's life for office and power. Therefore, as soon as one pope was crowned, another person used to remove him and start making himself pope. Due to this many murders took place and other heinous crimes were also committed.
In AD 897, the Roman mob took out the body of the late Pope Formosus from the tomb and tried his body in the court of Pope Stephen (VI) for the dishonesty committed by Formosus. In AD 924, Berenger (I), the last claimant to the throne of Rome, also died. This state of anarchy continued till AD 962. In Rome, many feudal lords tried to take over the kingdom one after the other, but they were all killed one by one.
The beggar of the way became the mistress of the world
During this period, the armies of the Magyar tribe invaded northern Italy and made its fertile territories deserted. After the Magyars invasions, Italy was continuously attacked by tribal tribes from the north and Arabs from the south. Due to these invasions, the condition of Rome became so bad that Rome was reduced to a village and the Colosseum, which was considered the pride of Rome, was inhabited by wild animals.
Rome needed a powerful king for the last one hundred years, but the arrogance of the Romans did not want any Roman bloodline to succeed in this work and the foreign ruler did not want to put his hand in this shabby and poor Rome. The city of Rome, which was called the mistress of the world, began to look like a beggar on the way.