The kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosphorus is a special case among the other Hellenistic kingdoms. Its history is intertwined with the Second Colonization, when Greeks from Miletus, as well as other cities, founded new cities on the shores of the Sea of Azov, then known as Lake Mayo and in the Crimea,
Americans were initially wary of the colonels movement. Papadopoulos assurances, a few days later, convinced them to let the situation develop. The reports of the American ambassador in Athens, Philip Talbot, are indicative. Talbot, in an interview with the National Herald newspaper, said the fol
The telegrams of the American ambassador in Athens, Philip Talbot, to the State Department had as a key point of reference, as early as the beginning of December 1967, the impending conflict between the king and the junta. Twice in the past few days Constantine expressed to me his concern about the
Υπάρχουν ορισμένες μορφές στην ιστορία που ως διάττοντες αστέρες φωτίζουν και χάνονται, αφήνοντας όμως πίσω τους ζωηρή τη μνήμη. Μια τέτοια μορφή ήταν και ο Κατσαντώνης. Ο Αντώνης Μακρυγιάννης γεννήθηκε στο χωριό Μάραθος των Αγράφων. Ορισμένοι αναφέρουν πάντως ότι γεννήθηκε στο Βασταβέτσι της Ηπείρο
In 533 AD Justinian assigned the general Belisarius to conquer the marauding state of the Germanic Vandals in North Africa. For this purpose he allocated only 5,000 cavalry and 10,000 infantry. Of the horsemen, 1,000 were Huns and Germans, 1,500 elite buccalarians, under John Troglitis, and the rest
Having prevailed over his internal rivals, the Persian king Darius decided to continue the expansionist policy of his predecessors. The Persian Empire was de facto an expansionist power. Each subjugated people meant for the respective Persian king new taxes, thus income for the maintenance of the ex
Sons of the Achaeans, Homer the Great calls the heroes of his epics, who started from the land of stone and light, Greece, to conquer the divine Ilios, the glorious city of Priam. But who were these sons of the Achaeans? The Achaeans were an Aeolian race. Scholars argue that the epithet indicates th
In 586 AD the Byzantine Empire and that of the Sassanid Persians were again at war. In 582 AD general Maurice had ascended the throne of Constantinople. Oromisdas IV did not reign in Ctesiphon. The war continued in different phases with the Persians having the initiative on the border of Mesopotamia
Το 1684 οι Ενετοί κήρυξαν τον πόλεμο στους Τούρκους. Υπό τον Φραγκίσκο Μοροζίνι οι Ενετοί είχαν σημαντικές επιτυχίες εξαρχής καθώς οι Τούρκοι πολεμούσαν σκληρά κατά των Αυστριακών και των Πολωνών, παράλληλα. Οι Έλληνες στην Πελοπόννησο βρισκόταν ήδη σε επαναστατικό αναβρασμό γεγονός που αντιλήφθηκ
Μετά τις αρχικές του νίκες στην Πελοπόννησο, το 1685, ο Μοροζίνι αποφάσισε να εκδιώξει τους Τούρκους από όλη την περιοχή. Για το σκοπό αυτό, κατά τη διάρκεια του χειμώνα η Βενετία προχώρησε σε στρατολογία Γερμανών μισθοφόρων. Επίσης προσέλαβε ως αρχιστράτηγο των κατά ξηρά στην Πελοπόννησο δυνάμεώ
In the Iliad Homer regularly shows divisions of heavy infantry being supported by fire of light infantry. The Orientals developed small formations of heavy infantry and archers and sparabara type formations (a formation where the men in the front line carried large shields and spears and everyon
In the liberation struggle of 1821 most deaths came from epidemics and not on the battlefield. The besieged of Messolongion, after the exhaustion of food reserves, were forced to consume all the domestic animals that existed, while some in their desperation resorted to necrophagy. They drank wate
Το 1825 η κατάσταση για τους Έλληνες, λόγω των εμφυλίων συγκρούσεων και της ανικανότητας των διοικούντων, είχε καταστεί αυτόχρημα τραγική. Ο Ιμπραήμ είχε αποβιβαστεί στην Πελοπόννησο, είχε συντρίψει τους Έλληνες στο Κρεμμύδι Μεσσηνίας, είχε νικήσει και τον Παπαφλέσσα και είχε κυριεύσει πολλά κάστρα,
Ο Μέγας Αλέξανδρος είχε μεταφέρει τον ελληνικό πολιτισμό στις εσχατιές της Ασίας. Στην κοιλάδα της Φεργκάνα, στο σημερινό Τατζικιστάν, είχε ιδρύσει την Αλεξάνδρεια Εσχάτη, στον ποταμό Ιαξάρτη (σημερινό Σιρ Νταριά) την οποία αποίκησε με Έλληνες. Οι εκεί Έλληνες και ντόπιοι τελούσαν υπό το ελληνιστ
To 1596 καθώς ο πόλεμος Αυστριακών και Τούρκων μαινόταν ο Έλληνας αρχιεπίσκοπος Αχρίδας Αθανάσιος σχεδίασε την εξέγερση των Ελλήνων στην περιοχή της δικαιοδοσίας του. Επαναστατικές ζυμώσεις, με επίκεντρο την ελληνική Χιμάρα, βρισκόταν σε εξέλιξη ήδη από τη δεκαετία του 1570 μέσω δύο Ελλήνων αρχόντων
Already before the Fall of the City, the Antichrists expressed their preference for the Turkish conquest over the malicious Roman Catholics. It is not by chance that after the Fall, Mohammed II the conqueror chose as patriarch Gennadios Scholarios, a fanatical supporter of anti-Western policy, who d
After the establishment of the Arab caliphate, the Byzantine Empire found itself facing a fanatical and stubborn opponent on its eastern borders. The Arabs carried out destructive raids at regular intervals in Asia Minor throughout the 8th and 9th centuries in an attempt to spread, through jihad, ho
In 558 AD a strong force of Kotrigur barbarians (Bulgarian-Turkic race) under the leadership of Xavergan crossed the Danube and entered Byzantine territory. The Kotrigurs and their relatives the Uighurs were known to the Byzantines from their conflicts with the Lombards in Italy, when 12,000 barbari
The first battle of Zela was fought in 67 BC. between the forces of the Pontic king Mithridates VI and the Romans under Gaius Valerius Triarius. In the period 88 – 75 BC Mithridates fought twice against the Romans and was badly defeated. The third war began in 75 BC. The Romans enlisted the two l
After the overwhelming victory over the Persians at Gaugamela, Alexander wanted to complete the conquest of the easternmost provinces of the Persian empire. Alexander in the winter of 331-330 BC. had already conquered Susa. His aim was to move through the Royal Road towards Persepolis and Pasarga
Attacks, kidnappings, murders - for more than two decades the terrorist organization Red Army Faction (RAF) kept Germany in suspense. The objectives of the RAF Initially, the goals of the RAF had much in common with those of the student movement:the RAF protested against capitalism and questioned
The late incorporation of Spanish women to the American continent had a lot to do with the relations between Spaniards and indigenous people, and with the subsequent miscegenation. The Spanish equalized that numerical imbalance by “incorporating” indigenous women into their lives as wives, concubine
New research by a Greek anthropologist of the diaspora, which took place in Paliokastro on the island of Thassos, brought to light, among other discoveries, a skull from the early Byzantine period (fourth to seventh century AD). The skull bears traces of surgery, which is incredibly complex, accordi
With the Neolithic Revolution, the first radical transformation of the way of life of humanity takes place, going from being nomadic to sedentary and from having a collecting economy (hunting, fishing and gathering) to a producer (agriculture and livestock). The development of agriculture and livest