This time "Namugi Incident" I'd like to introduce_______
It's not the case that happened in the middle of a tongue twister, nor the case of a rice thief.
Simply "Namugi Village" Because it happened in Namamugi Incident.
The name of this case is quite well known, but many people may not know what happened.
In the end, it was such a big incident that a war broke out between the Satsuma Domain (currently Kagoshima) and Britain.
What kind of era was Japan around the Namamugi Incident?
1853 , Perry A black ship led by Mr. San came to Uraga and demanded the opening of the country.
From this time "Bakumatsu" The era of
The following year, the "Convention of Kanagawa" with the United States Is concluded.
1639 "Sakoku" continued from Has been put to an end.
In fact, the purpose of the United States was only to request the opening of the country because the port of Japan, which was the path, was the most suitable for refueling for trade with Qing (China) and East Asia.
For Japan, it was a feeling that Kurofune and a big man suddenly came and attacked Doraimon, but for the United States, "Lend me a little port." It was like that.
A few years later, the Edo Shogunate ignored the intentions of the emperor and the imperial court, and called the unequal treaty "Japan-US Treaty of Amity and Commerce" . It was more difficult to conclude.
The person in charge of the shogunate at that time was the elder, Naosuke Ii . Mr. is.
The shogunate's stance toward foreign countries is "defeating" throughout Japan. It rushes to. It looks like the end of the Edo period.
Naosuke "Ansei Purge" for those who criticize the Shogunate. I will punish you.
1860 , Naosuke is "Sakuradamon Incident" Assassination It has been done.
The "Namugi Incident" introduced this time is " Sonno " to get rid of foreign countries. And "Opening of the country" It was an incident that happened in an era of swaying between.
400 people in the Satsuma domain and 4 British people on horseback!
The procession of Hisamitsu Shimazu, the father of the Satsuma domain
The Satsuma domain at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate was the former feudal lord, Shimazu Nariakira . Actively participated in the politics of the Shogunate, and his adopted daughter, Atsuhime The 13th Shogun, Tokugawa Iesada " Successor " to decide the next shogun, such as marrying to Mr. Seishitsu Problem " I was in direct conflict with Naosuke Ii.
Nariakira is Saigo Takamori He is also a person who was loved by the young people of Satsuma who were active in the later Meiji Restoration, such as raising Mr.
Hisamitsu Shimazu He was Nariakira's half-brother, the father of the current Satsuma domain, and commanded the politics of the Satsuma domain on behalf of the younger domain.
The incident occurred in Namamugi Village (currently Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture) on the way back to Kyoto after Mr. Hisamitsu visited Edo with his army.
An Englishman who was sightseeing?
Clark living in Yokohama And Marshall Margaret living in Hong Kong who came to sightseeing with Marshall's sister And Richardson , a merchant in Shanghai Four British people enjoyed horseback riding and sightseeing here.
I can only imagine a dangerous feeling when two different cultures meet.
A sad incident that happened due to differences in language and culture!
1862 , When Hisamitsu Shimazu's procession approaches Musashi Kunio Namamugi Village, he meets four British horsemen from the front.
Of course, the Satsuma Domain at the head of the procession "Get down the horse and give way!" Shout.
However, the English people didn't have that kind of culture and couldn't understand the language, so "pass by!" I think I've only been told about it. You didn't have the idea of going down a horse.
The English people can't do anything about the procession that stretches across the road, and they rush into the middle.
The Satsuma feudal lords are Kago ) on which Mr. Hisamitsu rides. I was worried that I could collide with him, and several people were slashing at the English people who couldn't understand the language and disturbed the procession.
Mr. Richardson took a deep dive and fell off the horse 200m away, and it was the childhood friend of Saigo and others who was active in the new Meiji government Kaieda Nobuyoshi. It was a person named Mr.
Clark and Marshall were seriously injured but escaped on horseback, and Margaret was hit, but his hat was just blown off and he escaped unharmed.
After the Namamugi Incident!
Compensation and delivery of the criminal!
Hisamitsu Shimazu and the Satsuma Domain "Three or four Ronin suddenly appeared and cut down foreigners. They have nothing to do with Satsuma!" , "I'm trying to find the culprit, but I'm still missing." Cut through the tortoise.
The British side was also divided into those who should take retaliation immediately after picking up their weapons and those who should carry out diplomatic negotiations with the Shogunate, fearing that it would lead to a full-scale war.
The following year, Britain demands apology and £ 100,000 in compensation from the Shogunate . .. The current value is 9 billion yen It seems to be about.
Yoshinobu Tokugawa (Later, the 15th Shogun) refuses to pay this payment, but as Britain has begun preparing for battle, Rōjū Ogasawara Nagamichi Agreed to pay. There is also a theory that this was Yoshinobu's instruction.
Britain then demands criminal punishment and compensation of £ 25,000 from the Satsuma Domain . ..
However, Satsuma did not respond and began firing on the British fleet, which had seven warships entering Kagoshima Bay, where "Satsuma War" Broke out.
Two days after the start of the war, the fleet left Kagoshima Bay, but the Satsuma side burned down the city, and the British side ended the war with great damage such as the battleship wreck, the captain, and the deputy captain.
This battle created an intimate relationship in which both sides wanted to know each other in detail. It means that they evaluated each other's fighting performance.
The case of compensation will also be paid to the United Kingdom the next day, and the case will end.
Regarding the criminal, "on the run" I was not punished as it was.
People's reaction!
Immediately after the incident, the people were "Satsuma-sama!" In Kyoto, Emperor Komei It is said that he himself aimed at Mr. Hisamitsu.
It seems that Japanese people didn't really think about foreigners.
Even from the foreign side, American merchants who had encountered the Satsuma procession before the Namamugi Incident know how rude the act of disturbing the Daimyo procession is to Japanese culture, and when they pass each other, they go down the horse and go to the side of the road. I avoid it and take off my hat firmly.
"It's a disaster I invited myself" to the four British people I blame you.
The incident was described in the "New York Times" at the time, and Richardson is said to have acted rudely.
"The treaty allows freedom of living and trade, but not violating Japanese laws and customs." It is described as. You're saying good things.
However, there was a fault on the Shogunate side as well, and when Mr. Hisamitsu came to Edo, he encountered a foreigner on horseback in the same way, and he was rude like this time.
"A little thing closes your eyes!" When I arrived in Edo, I told the feudal lords, "I want you to notify the embassies of each country to refrain from rudeness!" I was complaining.
The Shogunate's answer is "I have already notified it, but I am having a hard time because I can't understand the language." And that.
In fact, the shogunate did not tell it. It's an unsettling case.
When you visit a foreign country, you need to know the culture and language of the area.