" 1192 " Let's make Kamakura Shogunate "
When I learned this, I thought it was an easy-to-remember pun.
I will never forget it once I hear it. I will never forget it.
However, in recent years, the year of birth of the Kamakura Shogunate is 1192 . Not 1185 It was changed to be.
This is important! It was the strongest pun that everyone knows "Let's make a good country" "Let's make a good box" The way of remembering has also changed. I can't deny the feeling of being forced.
Let's unravel the history of why the strongest puns have changed!
When was the Kamakura period in the first place?
About 800 years from now A long time ago, in the late Heian period, he was an eternal rival "Genji" . And "Taira" Is "Genpei War" I was fighting many times in the name of.
Taira, who was proud of his prosperity in this battle, was destroyed by Genji, and Genji's builder, Minamoto no Yoritomo He opened the shogunate, a samurai government that lasted 680 years until the Meiji era.
That is 1192 It was said that it was the start of the Kamakura Shogunate to create a good country.
Why did the age change?
In the first place, various theories about the year when the Kamakura Shogunate was established were advocated in 1192, 1185, 1190, 1183, and 1180.
1180
Minamoto no Yoritomo starts raising troops to pursue Taira However, it was the year when we entered Kamakura and built a new mansion.
And " Samurai-dokoro An organization has been set up to lead the gokenins and imprison sinners.
However, this was just the power that ruled the South Kanto region, and Mr. Taira was still proud of his prosperity in the western part of Japan.
1183
" Declaration of October, 2nd year of Toshinaga Has been officially recognized by the imperial court for control of the East.
Except for the difficult content, it is the order of the emperor given at this time.
1185
Minamoto no Yoritomo's younger brother, Minamoto no Yoshitsune Thanks to San et al., " Dannoura " Battle " Mr. Taira is destroyed in (currently Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture).
The imperial court told Mr. Yoritomo "Guardian / Jito " to the whole country. Job " Allowed the installation of.
"Guardian" Is one person appointed for each country and is the current head of the police organization in that country.
"Jito" Are people who are set up one by one within a smaller area than the national government and mainly perform security maintenance and annual tribute collection.
Mr. Yoritomo has already set up a guardian and a priest in the eastern country, and with the destruction of Mr. Taira this time, the establishment of the western country is also permitted.
This made him a military officer throughout Japan. This is the reason why the Kamakura Shogunate was established in 1185.
1190
Minamoto no Yoritomo " General Ukonoe " Will be appointed to. He is the secretary of Konoefu, who guards the palace.
" Lord " Then, even though he is a samurai, he will line up.
By becoming a lord, " Mandokoro " is a household organization that manages the territory. Is allowed to open. This is the 1190 theory It becomes the reason.
1192
Minamoto no Yoritomo 1192 , " Shogun Will be appointed to.
Shogun is one of the official positions of the imperial court, and was originally appointed to conquer the people of the Tohoku region who did not obey the imperial court.
Yoritomo was Oshu Fujiwara who already had power in the Tohoku region. I was destroying, so what I wanted was the title of "General" It is said that it was. And the samurai government was started as a samurai builder.
This is the reason why 1192 has long been regarded as the year when the Kamakura Shogunate was established.
Was the word "shogunate" added at the end of the Edo period?
Did you know that it wasn't called the Kamakura Shogunate at that time?
The Kamakura Shogunate today is "Kamakura-dono" from the samurai. , "Kanto" from the imperial court and officials Was called.
The meaning of the shogunate at that time was nothing more than the name of the shogun's residence. It was taken from the name of the position of the shogun who took command instead of the king during the Warring States period in China.
It was widely used by those who were studying China in the Edo period and the Meiji period when it came to be used as a samurai government such as the Kamakura Shogunate and the Muromachi Shogunate.
Summary
This time, "Why did the year of birth of the Kamakura Shogunate change?" I introduced it with the theme such as.
Many theories have been advocated for the birth of the Kamakura Shogunate other than 1192 and 1185, and it seems that there has been a lot of controversy over a long period of time.
Minamoto no Yoritomo "I will open the Kamakura Shogunate from today!" I didn't declare it.
I feel lonely that the year of the Kamakura Shogunate, which has been popular for a long time, has changed, but as time goes by, new discoveries and considerations are born, so such changes are natural. I wonder if it is.
Eventually "Let's make a good country" The day may come back to!