Speaking of the Nara period, " 710 (What) wonderful Heijokyo I remember memorizing it by matching the goro.
The relocation of Heijokyo in the former Mincho is also the boundary between the Asuka period and the Nara period.
This time, I would like to find out the reason for moving to Heijokyo.
Reason for relocation from Fujiwarakyo
About 1300 years ago. Fujiwara-kyo before Heijo-kyo moved to the capital There was a city called.
According to "Nihon Shoki", it is said that Fujiwara-kyo construction was started during the time of Emperor Tenmu (676). After that, it was temporarily canceled due to the demise of Emperor Tenmu, but the plan was taken over by Emperor Jito and resumed the construction of Fujiwara-kyo in 690, 694 . Relocation Will play.
Fujiwara-kyo is a city that has a full-fledged metropolitan castle system, unlike the previous cities that had only the Imperial Palace and a few government offices. It is said to have been the largest ancient city, surpassing Heijokyo and Heiankyo, which are 5.3 km east-west and 4.8 km north-south. The initial population is about 30,000. It is said that the roof was tiled for the first time in Japan. In addition, it was a very large-scale project of road maintenance, drainage network maintenance, land preparation, and material procurement while destroying the tumulus and creating flat land.
So why was it necessary to relocate from Fujiwara-kyo, which was made so far? Let's take a look at it.
Is it too small? Theory
It is a theory that was previously supported as the reason for the relocation of Fujiwara-kyo to Heijo-kyo, but recently it has become clear that the scale of Fujiwara-kyo is larger, so it is thought that it will be different now.
Is it too different from the modeled Tang dynasty, Chang'an? Theory
This theory is also quite common.
From 653, 654, 659, 665, 667, and less than 10 years, the missions to Tang were sent from Japan, but the dispatch of missions to Tang was stopped for about 32 years from 669 to 702. .. Of these, the envoys to Tang in 665 and 667 are likely to have visited the Baekje troops in Tang, and it is said that they did not play the role of envoys to Tang to be exact.
* Maybe I didn't go there in 667? There is also a theory that it is not certain.
Furthermore, the envoy to Tang itself has a characteristic depending on the time, and in the dispatch of the envoy to Tang from 665 to 669 after the battle of Baekgang, who fought against the Allied Forces of Silla and Tang, "Send the envoy from Tang who was staying in Japan back. There is a clerical reason. This can be attributed to the fact that the envoys to Tang in 665 and 667 were visits to the Baekje troops.
For that reason, it can be inferred that the dispatch of envoys to Tang to accept the culture from Tang has not been carried out for more than 32 years ... Dispatched a mission to Tang in 702 and returned to Japan in 704. It is no wonder that the capital was decided to be relocated because it was different from the information I heard at that time (the deliberation of the relocation has been deliberated since Emperor Monmu's 707).
Let's actually see the difference between Fujiwara Kyo and Chang'an
In the figure above, you can see that there is a palace in the center. Inside the Fujiwara Palace, the inner lining where the emperor lives in the north, the Daigokuden, which is a place for politics and ceremonies, and the Chodoin, where aristocrats and officials gather, are lined up in the north and south.
On the other hand, let's take a look at the model city of Chang'an in Tang.
If you take a closer look at the area around Daigokuden, which was the model for Daigokuden in Fujiwara Palace, you will find Miyagi, where the emperor lives, in the northern part of Daigokuden. This positional relationship is very similar to that of a stone. However, looking at the whole, the position of Miyagi is quite different. To be honest, I wonder, "Is this really a model?"
Chang'an, the capital of the Tang dynasty, must have known the shape of Chang'an as if it were a continuous use of the castle that was originally used in the Sui dynasty. increase.
Did you do the expansion work when the envoy to Tang was dispatched last before 702, and did you make it in anticipation of the expanded city? I imagined it, but that's not the case. It seems that the construction was done, but the construction of "Yong'an Palace (later Daming Palace)" was started in 634 with the aim of moving the palace of Takanori (the founder of Tang Dynasty, Li Fuchi) to an appropriate place. Due to the demise of the Taiso the following year, it was canceled. After that, the construction was resumed in 662, so considering the time when the envoy to Tang was dispatched, Tsuji wouldn't fit. After all, it's an imagination that is too unreasonable.
If it is so different, the theory that "it is different from Chang'an as a model" is suspicious. Even if the envoy to Tang has returned and the momentum to create a complete Tang-style city has increased, the idea of "discarding" it in a short period of time is not reached even though a city that seems to be able to function as a city is finally created. It seems that.
* Actually, the city used as a model is not limited to Chang'an, but there are various opinions such as "I referred to Luoyang" and "I referred to the construction of the royal castle that appears in the Confucian scripture, Rites of Zhou." This time, I'm going to cover the theory that I often hear, so I won't go into details.
Was the drainage facility forinsufficient? Theory
Looking at the figure of "Kyo Ofujiwara" above, there is a part surrounded by a small dot (line?) In the south. The enclosed part is a hill or a mountain, which is said to have a high altitude. Furthermore, there are Mt. Miminashi in the north and Mt. Kaku and Mt. Unebi in the east and west, respectively, and it can be predicted that all the drainage will flow into the area around Fujiwara Palace.
In fact, "Shoku Nihongi" says "Kyojo inside and outside, a lot of odors", so it seems that there was probably a disaster as expected. If hygiene is bad, plague will also spread.
Fujiwara no Fuhito's intention theory
It is said that Fujiwara-kyo moved to Nara because it is close to Asuka's land and it is necessary to separate the former influential tribes in order to gain their own power.
It is quite conceivable that the temples and shrines actually had too much power and moved to the capital in order to separate them.
Fujiwara no Fuhito himself is working on various things to build a consort kin with the royal family, and an episode in which he refused to become the Minister of the Left and remained in the right minister (when Fujiwara no Fuhito becomes the left minister, someone else becomes the right minister. =There is a possibility that it will develop into a power struggle), and there is an image of a politician who is good at the number of consort kins.
I think that not only Fujiwara no Fuhito but also the intentions of Emperor Monmu and Empress Genmei may be hidden or hidden ... ..
Summary
I think that the reason for moving from Fujiwara-kyo to Heijo-kyo is not one, but the result of intricate intertwining. In particular, I personally think that the last two "insufficient drainage facilities" and "intentions of Fujiwara no Fuhito" are appropriate lines, but how about that?
Regarding the theory that "it is different from Chang'an", it can be seen as a reason for retrofitting for the relocation of the capital.