History of Asia

Nobunaga Oda's siege of Mount Hiei was as damaging as a boy! ??

Nobunaga Oda The siege of Mount Hiei by Mt. Hiei is reported as an event that shows its cruelty.

However, the Shiga Prefectural Board of Education 1981 No physical evidence such as burn marks or human bones was found in the temple tower, which was said to have had a large-scale fire. According to the historical materials of the previous year of the Siege of Mount Hiei, the monks and monks at that time were corrupted, and it is recorded that the temple tower was also desolate before Nobunaga burned it.

Background of the siege of Mount Hiei by Nobunaga Oda

It is said that the conflict between the two began when Nobunaga embezzled the territory of Mt. Hiei.

1569 In addition, the Mt. Hiei side worked on the imperial court and the territory was restored, but Nobunaga did not follow this and the gap between the two was only deepened.

Under such circumstances, Nobunaga 1570 He defeated Asai and Asakura in the Battle of Anegawa, but did not control his home. The disaster continues, and the Miyoshi Sanjin rebelled against Nobunaga and invaded Settsu, and the Oda army headed for defeat. At the same time, Ishiyama Hongan-ji also joined the anti-Nobunaga siege network, and the Asai and Asakura troops attacked the town of Sakamoto in Minami-Omi in response.

Nobunaga was heading to Settsu, but he returned his soldiers to protect Minami Omi, an important land connecting Gifu and Kyoto. Then Mr. Asai and Mr. Asakura Hieizan Enryakuji Nitate Kagomori [ Siege of Shiga 】have become.

Ikko-ikki of Ise Nagashima Has become more active, Oda Nobuoki Was seppuku.

Nobunaga was hostile to Ashikaga Yoshiaki in order to break through the state of such a four-sided song. I succeeded in persuading him to bring it to the consensus. This consensus has lifted the crisis, but it does not mean that the enemies around us are gone.

Mt. Hiei, which functioned as a military base for the hostile Asai and Asakura, had to be dropped by the Oda clan.

In the town of Sakamoto at the foot of Mt. Hiei at that time, the monks who got off Mt. Hiei ruled the inhabitants. There were no fragile monks left at Enryakuji Temple, and only authority remained.

In this way, Nobunaga burned it down, and after that, reconstruction was not allowed and Enryakuji was left in a devastated state for a while.

For Nobunaga, it is probable that the act of showing off was exaggerated as the story spread, with tail fins. In other words, the burning of Mt. Hiei did exist, but it is believed to have been much smaller than previously said.





Mt. Hiei has been burned three times

So far, Hieizan Enryakuji has been burned down by two conflicts with Nobunaga and the samurai family. When I heard that it was a temple, helpless monks were unilaterally killed At that time, Mt. Hiei was an armed group with many monks and had a great influence on the imperial court and the shogunate in the name of Saicho.

Shirakawa Pope in the Heian period However, the monks on Mt. Hiei lamented that I couldn't control it either.

Minamoto no Yoritomo , the founder of the Kamakura Shogunate It is said that he banished his senior vassal after drinking the request of Enryakuji Temple.

As mentioned above, Enryakuji Temple on Mt. Hiei was a sanctuary, with prestige and military power that was beyond the control of those in power at the time.

Ashikaga Yoshinori takes in the Hieizan forces

At the beginning of the battle between Hieizan Enryakuji and the samurai, the 6th Shogun of Muromachi, Ashikaga Yoshinori It started from.

Originally, Yoshinori was Tendai-zasu He was the chief priest of Enryakuji Temple on Mt. Hiei. After becoming a shogun and repatriating, he decided to appoint his younger brother as a lord and make Mt. Hiei obey the shogunate. As I wrote in the previous article, it seems that the Yoshinori, who has the nickname of the Demon General, has a strong desire for control and cannot forgive the existence that threatens the shogunate and the imperial court near Kyoto.

However, the subordination of Mt. Hiei of Yoshinori was often opposed by various daimyo, and most of them were unexploded and did not go as expected. And the righteous religion that boiled the work was 1435 . It is a hard-line measure to lure the monks and decapitate them.

Naturally, the repulsion on the Enryakuji side was strong, and the monks were Nemoto Nakado . I blame Ashikaga Yoshinori for standing in a basket. Still, the Shogun Yoshinori did not loosen his strict response to Enryakuji, and the disappointed monks fired and self-immolated at Nemoto Nakado. Will be accomplished.

The dispute with Ashikaga Yoshinori seems to have set fire on its own rather than burning it down, but it is the first time that Enryakuji has been burned down on a large scale.

After that, Kakitsu Incident When the Shogun Yoshinori was assassinated, Enryakuji became armed again and became a large-scale battle group with thousands of monks.

Mt. Hiei slaughtered by Masamoto Hosokawa

1499 Masamoto Hosokawa , the governor of the Muromachi Shogunate Was done by.

At this time, the authority of the shogunate was lost due to the influence of the Onin War, etc., and the teenage shogun Ashikaga Yoshitane Is in charge of Hosokawa Masamoto Conflict with, and the shogun is banished Meiyo's political change Happened.

Masamoto Hosokawa is the 11th Shogun, Yoshizumi Ashikaga However, the exiled Ashikaga Yoshitane was divided into two factions with the aim of returning to power.

It was Hieizan Enryakuji that intervened in the power struggle of this shogunate. was.

From this point on, Enryakuji is thought to have become a mere armed group (Sengoku daimyo) who lost sight of its position as a temple.

At this time, Ashikaga Yoshitane Ask for an opportunity to stand up on Mt. Hiei I decided to do it.

Mt. Hiei is very close to Kyoto and can accommodate tens of thousands of soldiers. July 11, 1499 because if Mt. Hiei is attached to hostile forces, Masamoto Hosokawa will be at a disadvantage because it will be tactically disadvantageous. All major facilities, including the Nemoto Chudo, the Grand Lecture Hall, and the Hokkado, will be burnt down, and Enryakuji will be hit again.

Although it is a Buddhist teaching that prohibits killing, Enryakuji violates the contradiction of following a monk soldier and participates in the power struggle of the samurai, so the world also sends a cold look to Enryakuji. In this way, the loss of authority and runaway of Enryakuji will intensify.

Later Hieizan Enryakuji Temple

Enryakuji was hit by two burns, but Oda Nobunaga did not improve anything. Will be burned down by. The details are as I wrote earlier, and it is said that there was not much criticism against Nobunaga Oda for this burning, and there was no protest from the imperial court.

Mt. Hiei was originally Kyoto's demon gate Sealing The temple had a lot of trust from the imperial court, but it seems that the evaluation from the imperial court had fallen by this time.

Arai Hakuseki from the Edo period [ Although it is a brutal act, Nobunaga's achievement is too great in terms of stopping the evil deeds of Mt. Hiei ] Is evaluated.

After that, by the monks of Enryakuji who survived the burning, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu I approached and repaired the relationship with the samurai family. Then, the reconstruction project of Nemoto Nakado was finally started in the place of Tokugawa Iemitsu, 1641 . It was completed in.

The current Nemoto Nakado was built at this time and was 1953 . Is designated as a national treasure.

Since the Edo Shogunate controlled all the temples under control, Enryakuji no longer possessed its own power or stored monks. The growing temple power was overwhelmed by the samurai family, placed under control, and returned to its original form.