I have written articles related to Nobunaga, but I have never approached his life, so this time I would like to approach the life of Oda Nobunaga.
I'm a person who lived a very dense life, so it's a long sentence, but please keep in touch.
Birth of Nobunaga Oda
The era when Nobunaga Oda was active was the era when the people who had risen up in Shimojo were very active. Nobunaga himself was not a person who was in a very high position.
Nobunaga Oda is Oda Dansho Tadashi Nobuhide Oda Born in 1534 at Shobata Castle as the second son of. Although he was the second son, he was treated as a firstborn because he was a child of Seishitsu.
The position of the Oda Hisanaga family has changed, as in the case of this era, Onin War . is.
Mr. Shiba Mr. Oda, who was serving the clan, is also internally divided in the same way as Mr. Shiba's division.
[Onin War]
Looking at the standing position of the Oda Hisanaga family ...
It's like this.
The Kiyosu Oda clan ruled the lower four counties of Owari, and the Iwakura Oda clan ruled the upper four counties of Owari.
* The relationship between Mr. Shiba and Mr. Oda is described in detail in this article.
The Onin War was not settled after all, and while it was shifting to the Warring States period, Owari was also in a state of conflict. In addition to the conflict between Mr. Oda Iwakura and Mr. Oda Kiyosu, Mr. Imagawa's parents (Yoshimoto's father) in Suruga were also aiming for Owari (Matsudaira is under the influence of Mr. Imagawa, so he went to Mikawa. It was possible to reach Owari through it).
Please take a look at the forces closely related to Oda Nobunaga together with the map above. In fact, during the time of Nobuhide, the Oda clan Masatada did not take control of Owari (Nobuhide acted as a guardian magistrate), and Mr. Imagawa dominates Totomi. It will be an approximate map.
In the days of Nobuhide Oda, there were frequent conflicts with Dosan Saito in the north of Owari (Mino) and Imagawa based in Suruga. Initially, it will take the lead and steadily expand its power, but there will be no end to the restraint on the military-powered Oda Hisanaga family or the conflict with the Kiyosu Oda family, who should be the master.
Nobuhide was a military commander who could be named "Owari no Tora", but it will be difficult to compete with Saito and Imagawa with his enemies inside.
Countermeasures by Nobuhide Oda for the Saito, Imagawa, and Kiyosu Oda clan
The answer derived as a countermeasure is marriage between Firstborn Nobunaga and Dosan Saito's daughter Nohime . .. With this marriage, the Oda and Saito families formed a peace . It is. Since then, Nobunaga's Saito Dosan has become a very powerful ally . became.
At the same time, this action of Nobunaga is also a sign of his determination to "take Nobunaga as a successor."
Speaking of Nobunaga when he was young, it is famous that he was called "Great Utsuke" because he had many strange behaviors. It is said that he was playing with young people regardless of his status (later, the flexibility of using farmers was cultivated around this time ...). It may have been natural that there would be a group of people who wanted to take over the opposite and excellent younger brother (Nobuyuki). It seems that Nobuhide's actions were concerned about such a situation.
Nobuhide's will to make Nobunaga a firstborn is also reflected in Nobunaga's actions to achieve his first team in a skirmish with his former clothes at the age of 13 and Imagawa the following year.
It is easy to imagine that this battle will intensify after Nobuhide is gone.
After Nobuhide's death, Nobuyuki is rebelling.
Confrontation with the Kiyosu Oda clan
Nobunaga Oda inherited the remains of the Dansho Tadashi family while holding enemies inside and outside, but the first to move were the Kiyosu Oda family and the Imagawa clan.
Kiyosu and Imakawa also saw the situation where Nobuhide, who was in the way, died and "Tsukemono" took over, as a "unique chance." After Nobuhide's death, the two sides will take a confrontational stance against the Oda clan. The Kiyosu Oda clan argued that it would be better to pass on the reign to "Nobuyuki."
After that, the Kiyosu Oda family will continue to fight Nobunaga, but the Kiyosu side will make a decisive mistake. A military commander belonging to the Kiyosu Oda clan, who was supposed to be a vassal of the Shiba clan, killed the head of the Shiba clan.
This event gives Nobunaga a cause to attack the Kiyosu Oda clan. In fact, a few days after this event, Nobunaga and his friends confronted the Kiyosu Oda clan directly and won the victory. Since then, the Kiyosu Oda clan has rapidly lost its power and was destroyed in 1555.
On the other hand, there are some battles with Mr. Imagawa, who took over Nobunaga and turned over to Imagawa. At that time, I relied on his father-in-law, Saito Dosan . is. Nobunaga asks Dosan for reinforcements during the battle. Both ended in the form of a draw and a hard win, so the big picture did not change, but it seems that it was an event that made Dosan Saito recognize Nobunaga.
The death of Dosan Saito and the rebellion of his younger brother, Nobuyuki
After Nobunaga's death, his father-in-law, Saito Dosan , became Nobunaga's greatest ally. ..
Dosan Saito is a typical military commander of Gekokujo, and he expelled Mr. Toki from " Mino no Kuni Thief . There is a past that executed. Dosan Saito also had a vassal of the former Toki clan. Under such circumstances, Dosan Saito handed over his reign to his son Yoshitatsu, but due to a bad deal between the two, he finally decided to abandon Yoshitatsu.
Yoshitatsu was driven into that situation and came to raise troops against Dosan. Due to past circumstances, the former Toki family vassals sided with Yoshitatsu and decided to fight against the army of 17,500 Yoshitatsu with a force difference of 2,700 Dosan (Battle of Nagara River, 1556).
Nobunaga also sent reinforcements to this situation, but Dosan died in time (after Dosan's death, the Saito and Oda families in Mino have returned to a terrible relationship).
In response to this movement, some of the Iwakura Oda family and the Dansho Tadashi family, who have Nobuyuki, begin to show disturbing movements. Some of the warlords of the Dansho Tadashi family (Michikatsu Hayashi, Katsuie Shibata, etc.) who questioned Nobunaga's dexterity carried up Nobunaga and caused a coup d'etat.
After all, the coup fails, but the masterminds are forgiven by the mediation of Nobunaga and Nobunaga's mother, and after that, Shibata Katsuie and others pledge allegiance to Nobunaga.
But ... my brother's coup wasn't done once.
Two years later, he attempted a second rebellion. The second rebellion was the first rebellion, and Nobunaga murdered Nobunaga and ended the attempt by the secret notice of Katsuie Shibata who swore allegiance to Nobunaga. From the same year to the following year, he dropped the headquarters of the Iwakura Oda clan and reigned as the ruler of Owari.
Numerous battles and expansion of power by Nobunaga Oda
After the battle with his younger brother and the Oda clan, the first large-scale battle was Yoshimoto Imagawa . With
Battle of Okehazama is.
The Battle of Okehazama is a famous battle in Japanese history, and I have mentioned it in an article before, so I will omit the details, but it was also a battle that made Nobunaga's name known to the world.
Yoshimoto Imagawa, a powerful guardian daimyo at the time, died and succeeded Imagawa Imagawa Ujizane * Is a person who cannot be said to be excellent. As a family, he had a tremendous bloodline next to the Ashikaga family, but he was a vassal of the Imagawa family because he was a hobbyist and had doubts about him. Matsudaira Motoyasu Shares the 袂 and becomes independent, Kiyosu Alliance with Nobunaga Tie.
* Isn't it realistic to deal with the survival of the house instead of mourning the battle with the lost vassals now? There seems to be a voice of re-evaluation. It is said that his ability mainly in domestic affairs was not low.
Some people may hear that it is Motoyasu Matsudaira. Later Ieyasu Tokugawa is. With this alliance as an opportunity, Nobunaga will be less worried about the Mikawa and Totomi areas.
Of course, Mr. Imagawa is not the only one who is worried about the Oda clan in Owari. After the death of my father-in-law, Dosan Saito, I had to find a place to drop it because I was in a terrible situation with the Saito family in Mino. However, Nobunaga devoted himself to the confrontation with the Saito family while Mr. Matsudaira was restraining Mr. Imagawa by forming an alliance with Mr. Matsudaira in the east. It is now possible.
Nobunaga has attacked Mino several times when his son, who defeated Dosan, died and Dosan's grandson took over. Of course, since the time is the Warring States period, there can be no battle between the two. The city of my sister, who is famous as the most beautiful woman in the Sengoku period, was brought into the Azai family, which is based in Omi (northern part of Shiga prefecture), and while forming an alliance, I tried to prevent it from being attacked by the surroundings.
* It is said that this introduction may have included the speculation of the people involved in the shogunate, and there are various theories about the time.
In addition, Nobunaga defeated Owari and the neighboring tribes of northern Ise. He will surely expand his power and expand his territory with Shingen Takeda.
The catastrophic change of the Muromachi Shogunate
In 1565, the shogun Ashikaga Yoshiteru who restored the authority of the shogunate and made efforts to improve the lords. Was murdered by Miyoshi Sanjin Matsunaga Hisamichi (=Eiroku no Hen).
Since it is Nobunaga's life, I will omit Mr. Miyoshi, but Yoshiteru revives the authority of the Shogunate with the death of Nagayoshi Miyoshi, who became a super-important person in the Shogunate to the extent that it is said to be the "Miyoshi administration" in the Muromachi period. It is said that it was the kick that I tried to make.
Furthermore, Yoshiki's younger brother, Ashikaga , was protected under Matsunaga Hisahide when his brother, Yoshiki, was assassinated. Yoshiaki There was also an event in which Yoshiteru's aides escaped (the name at that time was Kakukei → Yoshiteru) from Matsunaga Hisahide.
* There is a theory that Mr. Asakura was involved in this escape play. He also made plans by exchanging letters with Yoshiki's aides. Speaking of Mr. Asakura, it is known that Akechi Mitsuhide was a vassal. There is also a story that this Akechi Mitsuhide linked Nobunaga and Yoshiaki. However, for some reason, Mr. Asakura was not supportive of Yoshiaki's Joraku.
Is it the main reason that Mr. Asakura at that time was in a situation where he could not avoid fighting with Mr. Miyoshi even after he had just suppressed the rebellion (due to Yoshiaki's arbitration)? I personally think. Also, the fact that Echizen was more stable than other countries may be the reason why it did not improve.
At the escape destination (in the territory of the hexagonal family), Yoshiaki declares the head of the Ashikaga Shogunate. Since it was an escape destination, Muromachi Shogunate revival was also given to daimyo from all over the world. And Joraku's cooperation I will ask you.
The situation at that time was chaotic, so Yoshiaki will continue to change the origin of the daimyo who seems to be able to go up. Nobunaga was included in it, and it seems that Nobunaga himself worked cooperatively with Yoshiaki's Joraku.
Owari, where Oda Nobunaga was, was not a smooth sail, and once he was defeated by Mino, it was impossible for Joraku to do so, but in 1567, he slashed from the inside of Mino and captured Mino in the battle of Inabayama Castle. Just around this time, Nobunaga said, " Tenkafubu 』I have decided the slogan.
After that, Mr. Rokkaku and Mr. Miyoshi ...
In 1567, Nobunaga espoused Yoshiaki and succeeded in Joraku, despite the mixed speculation of various powers, and he came closer to the goal of Tenkafubu ahead of other daimyo.
A feud with Yoshiaki Ashikaga, the 15th shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate, and Nobunaga's siege network
I wrote a little at the top, but the slogans of Shogun Yoshiaki Ashikaga and Nobunaga are
- Yoshiaki Ashikaga ⇒ Revival of the Muromachi Shogunate
- Nobunaga ⇒ Tenka Fubu (=Rule of the Kinki region by the samurai).
You can see that the two are slightly different.
In addition, it is said that there was a discrepancy between the two over the treatment of the daimyo that Nobunaga attacked to expand his power, and a crack gradually opened between Nobunaga and Yoshiaki.
What I would like you to pay more attention to is the part where Mr. Hatakeyama and Mr. Asakura remain in most of the Kinki region (as you can see from the map).
[1570]
I've talked about the theory that the world might have been Kinai instead of the whole country, but I think you can see that by the time Nobunaga achieved Joraku, he wasn't in control of Kinai.
Nevertheless, Oda Nobunaga is already the most influential person in Kinai at this point. As Nobunaga's goal is "Tenka Fubu," the daimyo around Kinai have no choice but to belong or resist.
Even if each daimyo wants to compete with Nobunaga, the situation is already severe on a one-on-one basis.
Therefore, the surrounding daimyo went to Nobunaga's siege network.
Asai had formed an alliance through his marriage to his sister Oichi, but he joined the Asakura faction because Nobunaga made his promise antiquated. Nobunaga, who escaped from his life due to a sudden betrayal, regains his position and fights Asai Asakura with Ieyasu Tokugawa (= Battle of Anegawa ).
After the Battle of Anegawa, Miyoshi Sanjin were attacked one after another, and military mobilization to resist stimulated Honganji Temple, and Honganji Temple joined the siege network ... and Nobunaga fell into a terrible situation.
Even worse seems to continue, and Ikko-ikki will occur in Ise Nagashima. It was the "Hongan-ji Temple" who uprised because of the Ikko-ikki. It's completely in line with this battle. Nobunaga's younger brother, Nobunaga, was killed in action in this Ikko-ikki. Asai Asakura and Kazumi asked for the decree of Emperor Ogimachi through the mediation of Yoshiaki because he was not good at it.
It is said that Nobunaga burned down Enryakuji Temple, which concealed Asai Asakura as the cause of the struggle after this series of battles (there is no clear theory that there was no burning down in recent years). The world's Siege of Mount Hiei is.
In this way, the first Nobunaga siege network ended with "Wamu with Asai Asakura" and "Mt. Hiei siege" ...
Second Nobunaga Siege Network and Third Nobunaga Siege Network
Nobunaga managed to get through the first Nobunaga siege network, but he was sought after because the other party's purpose was not achieved.
In the end, the second and third Nobunaga siege networks will be built. At this time, it was Yoshiaki Ashikaga who played a central role in bringing together the daimyo. Yoshiaki Ashikaga was a person who acted for the reconstruction of the Muromachi Shogunate and actually achieved it, so he was not a quiet and puppet character.
In the second, in addition to Asai Asakura, Shingen Takeda, who is good at fighting, will also appear (= Battle of Nagashino ).
There was a time when it seemed to be desperate, but Shingen Takeda died.
Nobunaga was able to escape the biggest pinch, but Yoshiaki was cornered and raised himself. Nobunaga finally expelled Yoshiaki from Kyo and virtually destroyed the Muromachi Shogunate because he acted so unintentionally.
Following the upset of the daimyo against this movement, Asai, Asakura, Miyoshi and other influential daimyo in Kinai will be dropped one after another.
It is a map of [1575] after passing through the second Nobunaga siege network.
You can see that it is expanding its power considerably. At this point, it seems that it was not enough to destroy Mr. Takeda of Kai.
After somehow getting through the second Nobunaga siege, it was the turn of Honganji that had been suffering for many years. After incorporating the land of Asakura into the territory, I left it to the former Asakura retainer, but the territory was taken away by Honganji Temple when there was a conflict inside. Of course, there is also a reason for the lump on the eyes that has been licked bittern in the territory and other things.
There were times when it was difficult due to the battle with Kenshin Uesugi and the separation of relatives, but in the end, Hongan-ji survived the third Nobunaga siege network in the form of accepting Nobunaga's surrender recommendation.
The map below shows the power map of [1582] that finally survived the Nobunaga siege.
Nobunaga Oda scatters at Honnoji Temple
It was decided to rule the territory more than the original purpose, "Tenka Fubu", which governs Kinai. However, in 1582, an unexpected event occurred for Nobunaga. Honnoji Incident is.
It was attacked on June 21, 1582 (in the current calendar) by the rebellion of Nobunaga's vassal, Akechi Mitsuhide.
Nobunaga, who had stayed at Honnoji Temple with a small amount of force, set fire to the temple and committed suicide when he realized that it was impossible to fall asleep due to the overwhelming force difference.
He was 49 years old.
After this, the world will be inherited by Hideyoshi Toyotomi and Ieyasu Tokugawa. Nobunaga's influence was surely passed down to future generations through policies and other factors.
In addition, various theories have been proposed without clarifying the reason for the rebellion.