History of Asia

Ashikaga Takauji vs. younger brother's righteousness! !! Approaching the disturbance of the sensation

The Onin War is famous for the civil war in the Muromachi period, but even before the Onin War, a nationwide civil war occurred.

The biggest war was Kanno . (Kanno) Disturbance (Joran). Simply put, it's a spectacular quarrel between Ashikaga Takauji and his younger brother, Tadayoshi, but the fact that the imperial court at that time was divided into the Northern and Southern courts complicates things.

This time, let's approach the disturbance of such a sensation.

What is the disturbance of the sensation? ??

Takauji Ashikaga that happened around 1350 to 1352 Against Ashikaga Tadayoshi It's a battle. At the beginning of the disturbance of the sensation, it looked more like "Takauji's aide, Kono Moronao" than "Takauji vs. Naoyoshi", but the situation has changed. Eventually it developed into a conflict between brothers.

Due to this disturbance, the North and South Dynasties were once unified and seemingly unified, but in the end it became gudaguda and the conflict between the North and South Dynasties continued.

The samurai at that time were all unique!

Isn't it closer to the correct answer to the disturbance of the sensation that "there were many people who were too individual and they got along with each other" rather than "the situation at that time caused the disturbance"? I have to think.

After writing a little about the turmoil of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Go-Daigo also has many behaviors that make him think "Hmm?", So it may have been an era when he couldn't survive unless he had a strong personality. In fact, in this era, "Basara Daimyo" who dressed strangely and denies the existing power and order by wearing violent wolf clan are appearing one after another.

By the way, when you google Mr. Takauji Ashikaga who opened the Muromachi Shogunate, the word "Mr. Ashikaga Takauji Menhera" comes out so unique. We will introduce strange episodes of people who were involved in the disturbance of the sensation, such as Mr. Takauji Ashikaga.

Mr. Takauji Ashikaga

Needless to say, he was the first shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate. Although he is a good warrior, he loses in the scene of "What? Here?" Or wins in the scene that it is absolutely impossible.

While he has troubled his younger brothers with the dismay that causes seppuku once he falls into inferiority, he has a habit of laughing in a crisis situation, and the people around him are not upset when he sees that he is not afraid of his death. There is also a story that he settled down.

Did he look completely different between those close to him and those who weren't, or was he less obsessed with life and death ...

It is said that Takauji has an unstable personality, as some scholars say, "I had a manic-depressive temperament," looking at various scenes such as the actual battle and the depression just before.

Immediately after the Shogunate began, Takauji was mainly responsible for the military aspects, and his younger brother Ashikaga Tadayoshi was responsible for the proceedings and institutional aspects. When you receive a gift, you will generously hand over the land you possessed to win the war to your subordinates, or dedicate a request to Kiyomizu-dera that you worshiped, "Please give the happiness of this world to Naoyoshi (younger brother)." It seems that there was also.

There was a morality from a person named Muso Soseki, whom Takauji respected.

  • Don't be afraid of battle
  • Don't hate your enemies
  • Wide range

He has been evaluated as a person.

Before Emperor Go-Daigo undertook the new Kenmu Restoration, he received a letter from the name of Emperor Go-Daigo and became the name of "Takauji". In addition to continuing to call himself, when Emperor Go-Daigo collapsed, he built a temple and mourned.

In the first place, the reason why he betrayed Emperor Go-Daigo was because his younger brother, Naoyoshi, was at a disadvantage. He wasn't betrayed for any purpose, and he was indecisive because he couldn't decide from indecisive behavior such as regretting the betrayal of Emperor Go-Daigo and withdrawing. It is also said to be.

Friendly In addition to indecisive Unstable .. However, charisma is outstanding is. Personally, Mr. Takauji has the image of a military commander who is outstandingly good at using people well, saying, "Politics is justice, military is a daimyo."

He left it to others too much and became a general, saying, "From now on! At that time, he left the affairs to his younger brother and fell in love with Dengaku and didn't care about politics. At that time, there is an anecdote that his younger brother sometimes asked me to decide where to decide.

Mr. Takauji does it when he does it, but there is a story that seems to be a little uneasy when doing politics. It was an ideal relationship between the brothers at the beginning to make up for their weaknesses.

Nao Takashi

This person is the one who supported the military aspect of the Takauji administration. He is a deacon of the Ashikaga clan.

He loves married women, and when he falls in love with Enya Takasada's wife, he asks Kenko Yoshida to write her love letter and hand it over to her wife. I was thrown back without even reading it, and I ended up fluttering, but the revenge is terrible.

There is an anecdote that Yoshida Kenko, who peeped into the bath with unskilled taratara and asked for a ghostwriter, was banned from going in and out under his teacher.

His husband, Kosada, was accused of rebellion, and both Kosada and his wife were forced to commit suicide, and their children fell. I'm doing whatever I want.

Like other Basara lords, there is a rebellious clause in existing power.

"It's a hassle for the King's House. I wish I could put a wood carving or a casting statue if necessary."

Despite being in the center of the Muromachi Shogunate, he is ranting. This anecdote may be a praise because it is a statement that came out from the anti-Kou no Moronao sect in the form of a statement to Naoyoshi, but at least the impression that Moronao has a repulsion against the existing forces is around. I'm sure he had it.

Ashikaga Tadayoshi

No unusual episodes about Naoyoshi were found. He is a much more common sense person than the two unique people.

He was a person who excels in calm and calm politics, and in the early Muromachi period, he was successful in diarchy between Takauji and Ashikaga Tadayoshi. It is said that his brotherhood was also very good. By the way, the battle is not good.

It is impossible for Takauji Ashikaga to grow in power without the existence of local samurai, villains, and room dwellers (the second and third sons of the samurai). There were quite a few opportunistic people who were on the opportunistic side when Takauji turned over, but Takauji's charisma made him feel that way, which led to the defeat.

Naoyoshi has gained support from a layer other than Takauji's support layer.

Because, during the Muromachi period, the power of public houses and temples and shrines had considerable power (basically, it was the Southern Court that was in control of the power of public houses and temples and shrines. Of course, there were similar forces), and the upper samurai class (guardians and upper class masters) who became aristocrats throughout the Kamakura period also had power. Naoyoshi made a great contribution in incorporating not only the samurai class who supported the Ashikaga family, but also the samurai class who had become aristocratic.

The reason why Takauji was able to attract the people who couldn't take in was that he successfully judged the proceedings that belonged to this person, but he supported Takauji so far, saying, "Let's get up!" strong> You could collide with the bloody people who bundle the strong layers of the Hungry spirit. .. I managed to keep the balance around here at the beginning, but ...

I think there are many people who look at the pictures and think "that?"

Originally, Takauji was the image of Taira no Shigemori, Kono Moronao was the image of Takauji Ashikaga, and Naoyoshi Ashikaga was the image of Minamoto no Yoritomo. The picture of the warlord has changed at once. I don't understand why. I thought that Yoritomo was the photo above (Naoyoshi). .. ..

What is the reason why Kono Moronao and Ashikaga Tadayoshi got angry?

As you can see from the episode written above, Kono Moronao is a complete "Basara Daimyo" even though he was the central figure of the shogunate. It is the first person with a lot of blood that I wrote in the introduction of the person of Naoyoshi.

On the other hand, when it comes to how Naoyoshi thought about the daimyo and the existing forces, I think the case of Toki Yorien is very easy to understand. Toki Yorien is also a representative of Daimyo.

Naoyoshi is furious when he hears "outrageous deeds" against a super important person who is also the backing of the Muromachi Shogunate and supports his authority. He seems to have been thinking about the capital punishment up to the relatives (=three tribes) of his father, mother, and wife.

Since the source is Taiheiki, I don't know if "great rage" or "capital punishment up to the third tribe" is historical, but for Naoyoshi, the existence of the Northern Court and the institute / emperor is the legitimacy of his brother Shogun, the legitimacy of the Muromachi Shogunate. It is no wonder that he was furious because he is a very important person. From this anecdote, Naoyoshi is "best coexistence with existing forces" In addition to what he thought he was, it turns out that he didn't have a good impression of "Basara." The shogunate's basic policy, "Kenmu Shikimoku," which has a lot of intentions of righteousness, prohibits slaughter.

Kono Moronao's way of thinking about the existing authority is as described above, so how does Naoyoshi feel when he sees the central figure of the shogunate despising authority?

On the contrary, Kono Moronao thinks about Naoyoshi, a warrior who seems to be selling his charm to the existing forces by wearing his brother's strength as a hat, even though he has put together the world with war and ability. Was it? ??

In a nutshell, each other " doesn't like" I think it's all about this. Of course, not only emotional things but also each supporter and each profit and loss will be involved and the inside of the shogunate will be divided into two.

Kono Moronao and Uesugi's conflict

Takauji was originally not the firstborn son of the Ashikaga family, and had no plans to succeed him as his second son. His mother, like Naoyoshi, is a woman from the Uesugi family. His firstborn was the daughter of Mr. Hojo, the governor of Kamakura, but Takauji took over because he died at a young age.

It seems that there was a conflict between Mr. Taka, who was the owner of the Ashikaga clan, and Mr. Uesugi, who supported Takauji. However, Takauji will continue to leave Takauji as a butler. On the contrary, Takauji further emphasized Kono Moronao, and in 1338 he suspended Shigeyoshi Uesugi, who is a butler of Naoyoshi and a cousin of Takauji and Naoyoshi. It is said that Naoyoshi was sympathetic to the Uesugi family.

In addition, two cousins, Noriaki Uesugi, were later taken over by Kono Moronao's cousin, and there was even a story saying, "Please go up instead of Shigeyoshi Uesugi." High since this happened Uesugi for Mr. Mr. Impression is the worst It will become.

For Naoyoshi, who is close to Uesugi, it can be predicted that his impression of Mr. Ko, including Kono Moronao, who did not have a good impression, would have worsened. In addition, since Mr. Uesugi is the core of the supporters of Naoyoshi, it is thought that this incident could not be ignored.

Changes in the power relationship between Naoyoshi and Kono Moronao

Here and there, I am writing an exaggerated simplification of the theory that fits best in my research. Please note that the interpretation is quite different from the textbook theory.

War for reconstruction under the authority of the former Kamakura Shogunate during the Kenmu Restoration (= Middle-predecessor turbulence ) Betrays Emperor Go-Daigo in order to recover his younger brother and other Ashikaga who have fallen into a disadvantage.

Takauji, who was not willing to betray Emperor Go-Daigo, tends to withdraw.

Since Mr. Takauji was in charge of the military side in the shogunate, the influence of Kono Moronao, who was another important person in the shogunate and was in charge of the military, will increase during the withdrawal period. It changed from Takauji / Ashikaga Tadayoshi to Kono Moronao / Ashikaga Tadayoshi.

Moronao devotes himself to the battle with the Southern Court, while Naoyoshi steadily handles the proceedings.

As the battle with the Southern Court intensifies, Kono Moronao's voice will increase accordingly.

At the time when the central military commanders of the Southern Court were finally cornered and killed in action (late 1330s), it seems that the voice of Kono Moronao had become considerable. The conflict with the Uesugi family happens just around this time. Perhaps he tried to reduce the influence of Naoyoshi.

With the disappearance of the warlords who can fight in the Southern Court and the demise of Emperor Go-Daigo, the momentum of the Southern Court declines rapidly. As a result, Kono Moronao's influence within the shogunate is Kono Moronao

In such a situation, in the 1340s, the samurai who were led by Ko no Moronao, ignoring the order, began to stand out. So Naoyoshi started to move to get rid of Moronao while he was influential (the movement around here also seems to be interesting because you can see the intellectual confrontation between Naoyoshi and Moronao).

What is the straightforward action taken to drive out Moronao? ??

Actions to drive out Moronao ... Naoyoshi denounced Takauji for his wrongdoing. In 1349, Naoyoshi et al. Moronao is banished from the butler position .. In addition, the attempted assassination of Kono Moronao and the request to promulgate the inzen (the emperor's version of the emperor's proclamation) for the inzen of the teacher by Kogon-in will be thoroughly crushed. Behind this move, Naoyoshi and his Seishitsu both wanted to give their position and power to their eldest son, Ashikaga Nyoi, who was born in 1347 in his 40s. It has been pointed out.

The movement of the Southern Court became active from a similar time. This is because the child generation, who is the central figure in the military of the Southern Court, has grown up.

Of course, there is no reason why Kono Moronao can be done. If you have such a personality, you can't go this far.

Moronao joins his brother, Kono Moroyasu (depending on historical sources), sets up a coup to oust Naoyoshi at once, and surrounds Naoyoshi who has escaped to Takauji's mansion. Naoyoshi was eventually exiled to his arms, Shigeyoshi Uesugi and Naomune Hatakeyama, and decided to exile himself from politics. ).

It was Takauji's son, Yoshiakira, who took the lead in the administration instead of justice.

The dawn of the disturbance of the sensation

As I mentioned earlier, Ashikaga Tadayoshi had only one Seishitsu room, and it was difficult for him to have children. He would have almost given up. Although he is the son of Takauji, he has adopted Naofuyu (Tadafuyu), who has been treated unrecognized and cold, before the birth of King Ashikaga Nyoi. In addition to feeling pity at the difference between Takauji's treatment of other princes and the cold treatment of the winter, it seems that there is a part that he has focused on the ability of the winter as far as the results of the battle after that.

When he learns that his uncle, who has been treated coldly by his father and has expected himself, has been expelled from the administration, Naofuyu gathers soldiers in the Chugoku region and raises them. However, his father dispatched a teacher to prevent the movement in the winter. Naofuyu, who has routed to Kyushu, will start solidifying the ground in Kyushu.

In Kyushu, we are also looking for cooperation with the Southern Court in the winter. In 1350, the warlords of the Southern Court set up a winter and raised troops. Detecting this movement, Naoyoshi also left Kyo and decided to avenge Takashi Nao and others.

Here disturbance of sensation Begins in earnest.

Furthermore, when the conflict between Kanto butler Uesugi Noriaki and Kono Morofu occurred and the Kono Morofu forces were expelled, Takauji could not concentrate on dealing with Naofuyu and had to deal with Naoyoshi. When Emperor Kogon of the Northern Court issued an order to pursue Tadayoshi, Naoyoshi joined hands with the Southern Court to counter it. However, Naoyoshi used the Northern Court's era in the documents of this period, and only went down to the Southern Court for convenience to dismiss the Ko clan.

Due to the large number of anti-masters, he once defeated Takauji and his army. It will be reconciled on the condition that the brothers are born, but the adopted child of Shigeyoshi Uesugi, who was previously killed under the direct control of the teacher, will kill the high brothers.

It was a straightforwardness that excluded the Takashi Nao and others, but not only the confrontation with the Takashi Nao and the Ko clan, but also the anti-Naoyoshi faction was completed. Since Takauji has placed great importance on the military side in the shogunate, the anti-Ashikaga Tadayoshi has become his supporter, and the conflict with Tadayoshi could not be avoided.

Confrontation between Takauji and Ashikaga Tadayoshi

Six months have passed since Kono Moronao's death. When each of the warlords took action on their own and the conflict between Ashikaga Tadayoshi vs. Ashikaga Tadayoshi was unavoidable, Takauji finally began to wipe out the Ashikaga Tadayoshi faction. Takauji gave punishment and rewards to his sect.

Can it be done in a straightforward manner? In other words, it is not possible to give a reward commensurate with the battle record due to the relationship of the supporters so far. Little by little, the people of the Naoyoshi sect flow to the Takauji sect, and sometimes Takauji also hunts down the Nao sect while threatening to flow to his own sect.

In addition, the day before Kono Moronao's death, there is a story that Naoyoshi lost his courage after losing his only child, Ashikaga Nyoi, in the midst of the disturbance of the sensation.

Naoyoshi, who lost his position in the Makuuchi, returned to the Southern Court. Still, he appeals for the legitimacy of the shogunate and plans a peace between the Southern and Northern courts, but not. He had a Southern Court attitude that even the Southern Court warlords would say, "If I fight now, I will do it to my opponent."

Under such circumstances, assassinations and assassinations of Ashikaga Tadayoshi warlords occurred in quick succession, and Takauji and Yoshiakira were recruited. Naoyoshi senses the situation and escapes from Kyo.

Go to Kamakura through Hokuriku / Shinano, which is the foundation of the Naoyoshi school (Hokuriku / Shinano / Kamakura are areas under the influence of the Uesugi family). From Kamakura to Kanto, Hokuriku and Sanin are also summarized. And one more person. It is the winter season that you should not forget because you have a strong ally. In the midwinter, while growing in power in Kyushu, he was also engaged in political work on the Chugoku region.

Naoyoshi who returned to the Southern Court and Naofuyu who is suppressing the West. Was it tough for Takauji to swell to such a large-scale anti-Takuji force, or was there another intention ... In order to divide Naoyoshi and the Southern Court, Takauji decided to go down to the Southern Court.

Weigh peace under favorable conditions in the Southern Court (= Shohei Issei ), The three sacred treasures of the Northern Court, which were considered to be forgery, are also returned to the Southern Court. At once, the Southern Court gained a political advantage. On the other hand, the Northern Court has no sacred treasures, the emperor and the crown prince are abolished and lose their legitimacy, and both the shogunate and the Northern Court are politically rattled.

While doing so, Takauji went out for a direct follow-up. Since Takauji, who is originally good at fighting, and Naoyoshi, who is not good at fighting, will surrender if Takauji drives him to Kamakura in a relatively short period of time. Naoyoshi died suddenly a month later at the temple where he was imprisoned. Even though I was fine until just before. On March 12, 1352, he was 47 years old.

At the end, the death of justice ends the disturbance of the sensation (1352) has been reached.

Although it is publicly ill, it is said to be poisoned by Takauji in "Taheiki". Suspicion of poisoning is predominant only in the time of death and in the way of death, but it is not known clearly.

Naoyoshi died the day after Takauji's fourth son (the second son in the case of Seishitsu) and Motouji's genpuku, and the day after the death of his child, who had died. Do you poison your child on the happy day of his genpuku? In recent years, there have been an increasing number of theories denying the poisoning theory because of the question, Takauji cannot find a reason to kill Naoyoshi, and Takauji does not bother to poison him for the first anniversary of his teacher.

After the end of the disturbance

It seemed that the disturbance of the sensation was ended by the death of Ashikaga Tadayoshi, but in reality, there was more confusion than the disturbance. This is because the Southern Court tried to expel the Shogunate forces and the Northern Court from Kyo.

He released the position of Shogun Takauji and assigned the prince of Emperor Go-Daigo to Shogun. In response to this situation, Takauji fought hard against the Southern Court. He was once driven out of Kamakura, but occupied again. After all, Takauji had a part in the battle. His son, Yoshiakira, struggled and was robbed of the Northern Court's Emperor Emeritus and Crown Prince.

By the way, the sacred treasure was returned, but it is not absolutely necessary for the coronation, and there was an example of the coronation without the sacred treasure in the past. He forcibly revived the Northern Court as "become" (this later contributed to the "justification of the Southern Court").

But really forcibly. This is because even the emeritus was robbed by the Southern Court, even though the declaration by Chiten (the emeritus who had the cloister rule) was necessary at the time of the coronation without sacred treasures. I managed to survive the crisis as a nyōin with the mother of Kogon and Komeiin.

In this way, the period that should have been unified in the north and south soon came to an end, and a new Northern Court was to be established.

I wondered if the former Naoyoshi faction and the anti-Naoyoshi faction could build a cooperative relationship at one point because of this confrontation with the Southern Court, but during the Muromachi period of pay for performance. Due to a trouble with Sasaki Takauji of "Basara Daimyo" who made a leap under the decree of the second shogun, a military commander who went to the Southern Court appeared and political changes and wars were repeated.

Yet another. It is the winter that should not be forgotten in the straightforward school. Although it was a repulsive winter with Takauji, he made great use of his father's being Takauji when solidifying the ground in Kyushu. Naofuyu and Takauji were certainly in conflict, but the conflict is being solidified as a "conspiracy by Kono Moronao."

For that reason, it becomes difficult to maintain the ground in Kyushu due to the deaths of Kono Moronao and Naoyoshi (=the leader of the anti-Kou no Moronao). There, he gained a foothold in the Chugoku region, where he had been working on politics since then, and returned to the Southern Court, where he and the anti-Takuji faction devoted themselves to the battle with the Northern Court. It seems that he was a military commander who commanded behind rather than standing on the front line even if he said he would throw himself ...

With the decline of the Southern Court, both Ashikaga Tadafu and Ashikaga Tadafu collapsed. In 1363, Hiroyo Ouchi and Tokiuji Yamana, who were the main players, also returned to the shogunate side. Naofuyu himself has disappeared since 1366.

In this way, the disturbance of the sensation really ended.

Takauji himself is said to have died in 1358 due to a swelling caused by a wound inflicted in the battle with Naofuyu and others. Immediately before his death, he requested Emperor Gokogon to take the second rank of his younger brother, and although the date is unknown, he has given him a higher rank of second rank. What does this mean as an atonement for justice ...

There have been many conflicts between brothers of powerful people in history, but there are not many cases of conflict between brothers who are close friends.

It seems that Naoyoshi still has a feeling for Takauji because he did not put Naofuyu in the general position after defeating Master Nao and Takauji in collaboration with the Southern Court. There is legitimacy in Naofuyu, and he didn't do it even though he was able to get rid of the Takauji faction at once because Naofuyu and Takauji were not in a relationship.

After Naoyoshi went down to the Southern Court in earnest, there was a way to fight the Shogunate thoroughly, but the search for peace from the Southern Court was not to secure his position without threatening the position of his brother. Is it?

Due to Takauji's dedication of a request to pray for the happiness of his righteousness and the above speculation, he saw in a book review on the Internet that "Takauji's return to the Southern Court has left his aide who has lost his son and has become helpless. It makes me want to believe the theory that "it was for me" (I couldn't find any proof), and instead of poisoning by Takauji, "I used to raise Motouji's genpuku for a while as a nephew of Ashikaga Tadayoshi." I want it to be "self-death after seeing it."

It's hard to see historical figures in the innate goodness theory, except for Takauji and Ashikaga Tadayoshi's brothers. In that sense as well, I think he is a rare person because he just opened the shogunate.