Until now, the shōen-koku system had a complicated relationship of control. However, in the Kamakura period, it was eroded by the Jito and others, and in the Muromachi period, the guardian daimyo expanded its authority and strengthened its control.
After the Onin War, when the Sengoku daimyo ruled the country, there was a tax revenue problem that the conventional multi-layered land system remained, and it was necessary to investigate the size of the fields and the yield to decide a new tax.
This is kenchi is.
History of kenchi and Taiko kenchi
The inspection site is Hojo Soun First done in 1506 It has been with.
At that time, the kenchi was conducted mainly on the newly acquired territory because there is a risk that their vested interests would be invaded in the old territory where the land of the vassals was abundant.
Time has passed and the power has expanded rapidly Oda Nobunaga Also actively conducted land inspections in the territory. After that, Toyotomi Hideyoshi took over Nobunaga's administration. Also conducts nationwide inspections.
Hideyoshi was 1582 After defeating Akechi Mitsuhide in Yamazaki, he will start full-scale inspection by collecting ledgers from temples and shrines around Yamazaki and confirming rights. The land that Hideyoshi was involved in, including the ones that have been named Taiko since this time, is called the Taiko Kenchi.
This Taiko Kenchi So, the cultivator pays the annual tribute directly to the lord, abolishing the intermediate exploitative and complicated interests . I did it. However, even if that happened on the books, there were still various rights relations in the rural areas, and in addition to the books for the lord, the back books in the village were also created.
Also, Taiko Kenchi Then, it was done according to the following criteria.
Kandaka to represent production Money etc. Not amount of rice Represents Kokudaka The production volume is displayed in. During the Muromachi period, both Kandaka and Kokudaka were used, but they were abolished because the circulation of money was not sufficient and the government did not guarantee the money.
This Kokudaka Is converted not only to rice, but also to other agricultural and marine products, as well as the value of land. In other words, Kokudaka is an index that represents the GDP of each country, and can also represent military power and military service.
The unit of numbers will also be unified,
- 6 shaku 3 inch =1 ken (about 191 cm)
- 1 ken square =1 step
- 30 steps =1 ridge
- 10 ridges =1 anti
- 10 anti =1 town
Tabata was ranked in four grades:top, middle, bottom, and bottom.
The box used for the scale is Kyo box Was used.
A lot of land was measured at this Taiko kenchi, but it was not always done accurately, and there were many hidden fields.
Even in the Edo period, the kenchi was inherited, and after the Tokugawa administration was inaugurated, all daimyo were ordered to kenchi in 1604. Also, during the Edo period, Nitta development was used to raise stone heights and build wealth. Was actively carried out. As a result, there was a gap between the stone height on the surface and the actual stone height, and land inspections were often conducted throughout the Edo period.
The Taiko kenchi has simplified the previously complicated concession relations and laid the foundation for a new land system. The kenchi was inherited from Nobunaga to Hideyoshi and then to Ieyasu, and a new land system was completed.