The plow is the capital invention that made agricultural production take off. In the Neolithic era the plow appears, which splits the soils of Palestine, but without turning over the earth. Pulled by two oxen, this wooden tool replaced the digging stick and spread between 7000 and 5000 BC throughout Europe.
Birth of the plow
But the "real" plow as we know it was not born until the 2nd century BC, with the first plank shares. A century later, they are made of metal and sink deeper to turn heavy soils, increasing agricultural yields in northern Europe by 30%, and feeding more people.
It is the transition from a species of careful gardening to the beginning of extensive agriculture. The plow will then be equipped with wheels and will be perfected until the Middle Ages to take its final form.