- Wales's territorial changes:
Before the 16th century, the political geography of Britain was different from today. Wales was an autonomous principality, and its borders extended further east into areas that are now in England. This meant that Welsh was more widely spoken in England during this period.
- West of England:
There are significant Welsh communities in the border counties of England, particularly in Herefordshire, Shropshire and Gloucestershire. Historical records and place names suggest that an area around the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire formed part of the Brittonic-speaking zone until at least the 7th century.
Here are a few towns in England where Welsh was historically spoken:
- Shrewsbury:
This town in Shropshire near the Welsh border had a significant Welsh population during the Middle Ages. In fact, the town was so associated with Welsh culture that it used to be known as "Pengwern," a Welsh name.
- Hereford:
Hereford, also close to the Welsh border, had a substantial Welsh-speaking community in the past. The town's name itself is derived from the Welsh word "Henffordd," meaning "old road."
- Gloucester:
While less common than the border counties, Welsh was spoken in certain parts of Gloucestershire. The town of Lydney in the southwest of Gloucestershire has historical records suggesting a continued presence of Welsh speakers until at least the 8th century.
However, with changes in political borders, population shifts, and the gradual adoption of English as the dominant language, the use of Welsh in England declined over time. Nevertheless, it's important to recognize that Welsh was indeed historically spoken in various areas of England and left lasting influences on the local culture, language, and place names.