Childbirth and Infancy
In ancient Greece, childbirth was often attended by a midwife, who would assist the mother in labor and delivery. After birth, the infant would be washed and wrapped in swaddling clothes. The baby's umbilical cord would be cut, and the stump would be treated with olive oil or other antiseptic agents.
The infant would then be introduced to the household gods and given a name. The name was usually chosen by the father, and it often had a symbolic meaning. For example, a boy might be named after a hero or a god, while a girl might be named after a flower or a virtue.
Childhood
During childhood, Greek children were raised by their parents and other family members. They were taught basic skills such as reading, writing, and arithmetic. They also learned about Greek history, mythology, and religion.
Boys were often sent to school, where they would learn from a teacher called a "pedagogue." The pedagogue would teach the boys about a variety of subjects, including literature, philosophy, and mathematics. Girls were typically educated at home by their mothers or other female relatives.
In addition to their formal education, Greek children were also taught about practical skills such as farming, carpentry, and weaving. They were also expected to help with household chores.
Adolescence
At around the age of 12 or 13, Greek boys would undergo a ceremony called the "ephebeia." This ceremony marked the transition from childhood to manhood. During the ephebeia, boys were trained in military skills and given instruction on the duties of citizenship.
Girls also underwent a coming-of-age ceremony, called the "gamos." This ceremony marked the girl's transition from childhood to womanhood. During the gamos, the girl was given a dowry and presented to her future husband.
Marriage and Family
In ancient Greece, marriage was typically arranged by the parents of the bride and groom. The groom was usually older than the bride, and he was expected to provide for her financially. The bride was expected to be a good homemaker and to bear children.
Greek families were typically patriarchal, with the father as the head of the household. The father was responsible for making decisions about the family's finances, education, and other important matters. The mother was responsible for raising the children and managing the household.
Children's Rights
In ancient Greece, children did not have many legal rights. They were considered the property of their fathers, and they could be sold or given away at will. However, children were also seen as valuable assets to their families and the state, and their well-being was therefore taken seriously.