Tetrarchy: Diocletian implemented a system of shared rule known as the Tetrarchy, which divided the vast Roman Empire into four administrative regions. Each region was governed by a co-emperor, or Caesar, under the supreme authority of two senior emperors, known as Augusti. This system aimed to improve governance, enhance military defense, and ensure a smooth succession of power.
Reforms in Administration and Military: Diocletian reformed the provincial administration, creating smaller and more manageable provinces. He also reorganized the military, dividing the legions into smaller units and establishing new frontier defenses. These reforms strengthened the military and made the defense of the empire more efficient.
Persecution of Christians: Diocletian initiated the last and most severe persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. He issued a series of edicts ordering the destruction of Christian churches, burning of Christian scriptures, and imprisonment and torture of Christians who refused to renounce their faith.
Economic Reforms: Diocletian introduced a series of economic measures to address the financial challenges of the empire. He introduced a new gold currency, the aureus, and implemented price controls to combat inflation.
Construction Projects: Diocletian oversaw several significant construction projects, including the construction of a grand palace in Split (modern-day Croatia), a new Senate house in Rome, and the strengthening of the city's fortifications.
Expansion of Bureaucracy: Diocletian expanded the Roman bureaucracy, increasing the number of officials and creating new departments to handle the complex administration of the Tetrarchy.
Split in the Roman Empire: Diocletian's tetrarchic system proved successful during his reign, but after his abdication, the empire faced internal conflicts and power struggles. The division persisted, eventually leading to the permanent split of the Roman Empire into the Western and Eastern Roman Empires.