- The supreme head of the Roman Catholic Church, he was considered the successor of Saint Peter and the Vicar of Christ on earth.
- Responsible for overseeing the church and its teachings, confirming bishops, and canonizing saints.
Curia:
- The administrative body of the Roman Catholic Church that assisted the Pope in governing.
- Composed of cardinals, bishops, and other officials.
Cardinals:
- High-ranking members of the Catholic Church, often serving as advisors and administrators to the Pope.
- Played a crucial role in the election of new popes through the College of Cardinals.
Bishops:
- Overseers of dioceses (geographic regions within the church).
- Responsible for ordaining priests, confirming the faithful, and administering the sacraments.
Priests:
- Ordained members of the clergy responsible for performing religious rituals, delivering sermons, and providing spiritual guidance to the faithful.
Monks and Nuns:
- Members of religious orders who lived under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
- Dedicated their lives to prayer, religious studies, and charitable works.
Laity:
- The general body of baptized Catholics who were not part of the clergy or religious orders.
- Participated in the sacraments, attended church services, and contributed to church life.