Ögedei Khan (1186–1241) was the third Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, reigning from 1229 to 1241. He was the third son of Genghis Khan and his main consort Börte Ujin. During his reign, the Mongol Empire reached its peak in terms of territorial size, covering an area of over 24,000,000 square kilometres (9,300,000 square miles).
Guyuk Khan (c. 1206 – April 1248) was the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, reigning from 1246 until his death in 1248. He was the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and his main consort Töregene Khatun. Guyuk was a capable military leader and a skillful diplomat, but his reign was short-lived and he died childless. His death sparked a civil war among the Mongols, which lasted for four years and resulted in the division of the empire.
Möngke Khan (10 January 1209–11 August 1259) was the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, reigning from 1251 to 1259. Möngke was the eldest son of Tolui, the youngest son of Genghis Khan, and his principal wife Sorghaghtani Beki. He was elected as Great Khan after the death of his cousin Guyuk Khan.
Under Möngke's leadership, the Mongols further expanded their empire and conquered vast territories in Eastern Europe, Western Asia, and East Asia. He was a skilled military strategist and a patron of the arts and sciences. His reign was marked by a period of peace and prosperity, but he also faced challenges from his brothers Kublai Khan and Ariq Böke, who both claimed the throne after his death.