- Beef: Salted, boiled, roasted, or stewed.
- Mutton and Lamb:Roasted on a spit or stewed.
- Veal: Roasted or boiled.
- Pork: Fresh or salted pork was roasted or boiled. Bacon was a common way to preserve pork.
- Poultry: Chickens, geese, ducks, and pigeons were all eaten.
- Game: Deer, rabbits, hare, and pheasants were all popular game meats.
Fish:
- Fresh fish: Salmon, trout, and pike were all popular fresh fish.
- Salt fish: Cod, herring, and mackerel were all salted and preserved.
Vegetables:
- Leafy greens: Cabbage, kale, and lettuce were all common leafy greens.
- Root vegetables: Carrots, turnips, and parsnips were all popular root vegetables.
- Legumes: Peas and beans were both common legumes.
Fruits:
- Fresh fruit: Apples, pears, and plums were all popular fresh fruits.
- Dried fruit: Raisins, currants, and dates were all popular dried fruits.
Spices:
- Spices were used to add flavor to food. Common spices included cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, and pepper.
Sugar:
- Sugar was expensive and used sparingly. It was often used to sweeten desserts and drinks.
Drinks:
- Mead and Ale were popular drinks.
- Wine: Both sweet and dry wines were consumed.
- Water: Many people drank water, but it was often contaminated.