- As a Polearm: The primary use of a billhook was as a polearm. Its combination of a hook and blade made it an effective weapon against both armour and unarmoured opponents. It was frequently used in close combat, offering better reach and leverage compared to swords and axes.
- Multipurpose Tool: The billhook was not solely a weapon but served various practical purposes. As a utilitarian tool, it was commonly employed in agricultural activities, such as trimming branches, cutting vines, and clearing brush. Its multipurpose nature made it a versatile implement for both combat and everyday tasks.
- Defence against Cavalry: Billhooks were particularly useful against cavalry charges, especially in densely forested areas. The hook could be used to pull riders from their mounts or to entrap their weapons. This gave infantry equipped with billhooks an advantage against mounted opponents, who often relied on their speed and height advantage.
- Breach: The billhook was sometimes adapted with modifications for breaching fortifications or dismantling barricades. The hook could be used to grab and pull down wooden structures, aiding in the siege of castles or fortified positions.
- Self-Defence: Due to its practicality and wide availability, the billhook became a common self-defence weapon for civilians. It was accessible and effective in close combat situations and could be used against swords, spears, and even armour.
- Harvesting: In rural settings, the billhook was employed as an agricultural tool for harvesting crops, gathering hay, and pruning. Its curved blade allowed for efficient cutting and trimming of vegetation.
The billhook's versatility as both a weapon and a practical tool made it an essential item for medieval individuals, from soldiers and farmers to civilians seeking self-defence. Its multipurpose nature contributed significantly to its widespread use and effectiveness during the Middle Ages.