- The widespread practice of idolatry and polytheism. Muhammad believed that there was only one God, and that the worship of idols and multiple gods was a form of superstition and ignorance.
- The treatment of women. Women in pre-Islamic Arabia had few rights and were often treated as second-class citizens. Muhammad believed that women should be treated with respect and that they should have the same rights as men.
- The social and economic inequality. The rich and powerful in pre-Islamic Arabia often exploited the poor and weak. Muhammad believed that everyone should be treated equally, regardless of their social or economic status.
- The cycle of violence and revenge. The tribes of pre-Islamic Arabia were constantly feuding with each other, and blood feuds often lasted for generations. Muhammad believed that violence was never the answer and that disputes should be resolved peacefully.