Foundational Principles: Nehru was a strong advocate of the basic principles enshrined in the Constitution, including democracy, secularism, socialism, and federalism. He ensured that these principles were reflected in the Constitution's framework.
Committee Leadership: As the chairman of the Drafting Committee, Nehru oversaw the entire process of drafting the Constitution. He provided guidance, direction, and inspiration to the committee members and ensured that their work aligned with the goals and aspirations of the Indian people.
Drafting Process: Nehru actively participated in the drafting of the Constitution. He contributed ideas, suggestions, and amendments to various provisions, drawing from his own political experience and knowledge of international constitutions.
Democratic Framework: Nehru ensured that the Constitution established a strong and robust democratic framework for India. He supported the adoption of universal adult suffrage, which allowed all citizens the right to vote regardless of their social or economic status. He was instrumental in incorporating provisions for fundamental rights, thereby protecting the liberties of citizens against state overreach.
Secularism: Nehru was a staunch supporter of secularism and wanted India to be a secular nation. He played a key role in incorporating provisions in the Constitution that ensured that the state would not favor any particular religion and would treat all religions equally.
Social Justice: Nehru was deeply committed to social justice and equality. He advocated for the inclusion of provisions in the Constitution that addressed issues such as untouchability, caste discrimination, and labor rights, aiming to create a more just and equitable society.
Federalism: Nehru supported a federal structure for India, respecting the diversity of the nation and preserving the autonomy of states. He ensured that the Constitution balanced central authority with the rights and powers of states, laying the foundation for a harmonious federal system.
Democratic Consensus: Throughout the process, Nehru strived to build a consensus among committee members and various political parties. He patiently addressed concerns and differences of opinion, ensuring that the Constitution reflected the collective aspirations of the Indian people.
Conclusion:
Jawaharlal Nehru's role in the formation of the Indian Constitution was profound. His leadership, vision, and dedication to democratic principles were instrumental in shaping the country's constitutional framework. The Constitution of India, which came into effect on January 26, 1950, is a testament to Nehru's contributions and remains the foundation of India's vibrant democratic system.