1. Preparation of the Body:
- After death, the body was washed with water and natron (a salt compound) to cleanse and dry it.
- The internal organs, except the heart, were carefully removed through an incision in the side of the body and preserved separately in canopic jars.
- The brain was usually removed through the nose using specialized tools.
2. Desiccation:
- The body was then packed with natron or salt to absorb moisture and further dry it out.
- This process typically lasted for about 40 days, resulting in the dehydration and preservation of the body's tissues.
3. Embalming:
- After the desiccation process, the body was treated with various resins, oils, and unguents to prevent decay.
- Aromatic spices and herbs were also used to mask the odor of the embalming process and further preserve the body.
4. Wrapping the Mummy:
- Once embalmed, the body was wrapped in layers of linen bandages.
- The wrapping process began with the head and gradually moved downwards, covering the entire body.
- The bandages were meticulously wrapped in a specific pattern and often contained amulets or prayers for protection in the afterlife.
5. Amulets and Jewelry:
- Amulets made of precious stones, gold, or faience were placed between the layers of bandages to provide spiritual protection and ensure a safe journey to the afterlife.
- Jewelry, such as necklaces, earrings, and rings, was also included with the mummy for adornment and to signify the deceased's social status.
6. Final Casing:
- After the wrapping was complete, the mummy was placed in a coffin, which was often elaborately decorated with paintings and inscriptions.
- The coffin provided additional protection and symbolized the deceased's transition into the afterlife.
The entire mummification process was carried out by skilled priests known as "embalmers," who were highly respected for their expertise in preserving the bodies of the deceased for eternity. The elaborate rituals and care taken in mummification reflected the ancient Egyptian belief in the importance of preserving the physical body for the afterlife, where the deceased would continue to exist in a spiritual realm.