1. Surveying and Planning:
- Engineers conducted surveys to determine the best route for the railroad track, considering factors such as terrain, curves, and elevation.
- Detailed plans and blueprints were created to specify the track layout, including the location of stations, sidings, and bridges.
2. Grading the Land:
- The first step in track construction was to prepare the land for the trackbed.
- Workers used teams of horses or steam-powered graders to level the ground and create a smooth, even surface.
3. Laying the Ties:
- Wooden railroad ties, typically made from durable hardwoods like oak or cedar, were placed perpendicular to the trackbed.
- The ties were spaced evenly to provide support for the rails.
4. Rail Placement:
- Steel rails, which came in standard lengths, were then laid on top of the ties.
- The rails were secured to the ties using spikes or bolts.
5. Rail Joining:
- To create a continuous track, the ends of the rails were joined together using fishplates.
- These fishplates were metal plates that were bolted to the rails at their стыки.
6. Ballasting:
- Once the rails were laid and joined, ballast was added to the trackbed.
- Ballast typically consisted of crushed rock, gravel, or cinders, and it served to stabilize the track and provide drainage.
7. Track Alignment:
- After the ballast was added, the track was aligned and leveled to ensure proper track geometry.
- This was done using specialized tools and equipment such as track levels and wrenches.
8. Gauging:
- The track gauge, or the distance between the rails, had to be precisely maintained to allow for safe train operation.
- Workers used track gauges to measure and adjust the gauge as necessary.
9. Track Maintenance:
- Regular track maintenance was essential to keep the railroad in good condition.
- This involved inspecting the track for any signs of wear or damage, replacing damaged ties or rails, and ensuring proper drainage and ballast conditions.
The process of building railroad track in the early 1900s required extensive manual labor and specialized skills. It was a challenging task, but it played a crucial role in the development of transportation infrastructure and the growth of the railroad industry during that era.