This is a common misconception. Medieval churches primarily used written text, in the form of illuminated manuscripts, to convey their teachings and important messages to the illiterate population. Illuminated manuscripts were handwritten books with elaborate decorations and illustrations, usually created by monks or scribes. These manuscripts contained religious texts, including the Bible, prayers, and liturgical writings. Paintings and frescoes were also often used in churches to depict religious scenes and stories, but they were not the primary means of communication.