The mummification process involved several steps:
1. Embalming: The first step was to remove the internal organs, except the heart and kidneys, through an incision in the abdomen. The brain was also removed through the nose.
2. Desiccation: The body was then dehydrated using a mixture of natron (a natural salt consisting primarily of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate) and other salts. This process removed moisture from the body and helped preserve it.
3. Packing and Bandaging: Once the body was dry, it was packed with linen and aromatic spices to further preserve it. The entire body was then meticulously wrapped in linen bandages, creating a protective casing.
4. Amulets and Jewelry: Amulets and pieces of jewelry were placed on the body or wrapped within the bandages. These items were believed to protect the deceased in the afterlife and provide them with good fortune.
5. Sarcophagus and Burial: After the mummification process was complete, the body was placed in a decorated wooden coffin, known as a sarcophagus. The sarcophagus was then sealed and placed in a tomb or burial chamber, often accompanied by funerary goods and offerings.
It's important to note that mummification was not practiced on everyone in ancient Egypt. The vast majority of the population was buried in simple pits or tombs without the elaborate mummification process.