1. Removal of the Brain:
- The brain was removed through the nostrils using a long metal hook.
2. Extraction of Internal Organs:
- The internal organs, including the lungs, liver, intestines, and stomach, were carefully removed through an incision made in the abdomen.
3. Embalming:
- The body was washed with water and covered with a mixture of natron (sodium carbonate) and salt to absorb moisture and prevent decomposition.
- The natron was left on the body for several weeks to draw out as much moisture as possible.
4. Rinsing and Treatment:
- After the drying process, the body was rinsed with water again and treated with various resins, oils, and spices to prevent decay.
5. Wrapping:
- The entire body, including the head, was tightly wrapped in linen bandages.
- Linen was chosen because of its natural properties that helped preserve and support the body.
- Amulets and other objects, often associated with the afterlife, were placed between the layers of bandages.
6. Final Touches:
- The body was coated with a layer of hot resin or tar to seal the bandages and further protect the body from moisture.
- The head and face were often covered with a mask or a likeness of the deceased to maintain their identity in the afterlife.
7. Burial:
- The mummified body of Ramses II was placed in a coffin and buried in a grand tomb in the Valley of the Kings, along with precious artifacts and treasures to accompany him into the afterlife.
The mummification process and the materials used played a crucial role in preserving Ramses II's body for thousands of years, allowing us to study and learn about ancient Egyptian culture, history, and funerary practices.