1. Religious Persecution:
- Many English Puritans, who were seeking religious freedom, migrated to America to escape persecution. They founded colonies such as Massachusetts Bay Colony (1620) and Plymouth Colony (1620).
2. Economic Opportunities:
- England saw America as a source of raw materials, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton. The colonies provided the goods that were in high demand in England.
3. Growth of the English Population:
- In the 17th century, England's population grew significantly, leading to increased demand for land and economic opportunities.
4. Political and Economic Control:
- England wanted to establish control over the resources and trade routes in America to boost its economy and assert its political power.
5. Competition with other European Powers:
- England faced competition from other European nations, such as Spain, France, and the Netherlands, which were also establishing colonies in America.
6. Technological Advancements:
- Improved shipbuilding techniques and navigation instruments made it easier for the English to travel to and establish colonies in America.
7. The English Parliamentary Revolution (1642-1651):
- The English Civil War led to political and religious turmoil in England, prompting some English people to seek refuge and new opportunities in the colonies.
8. Royal Charters:
- The English government granted royal charters to companies and individuals, giving them the authority to establish and govern colonies in America.
These factors combined to drive the expansion of the English Empire in America during the mid-seventeenth century.