- Preaching and itinerancy: Itinerant preachers, such as George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards, traveled from colony to colony, delivering powerful sermons that inspired emotional conversions and religious awakenings.
- Itinerant evangelists: Itinerant evangelists, including Gilbert Tennent and William Tennent, traveled throughout the colonies proclaiming the gospel and conducting revival meetings.
- Print media: Sermons, pamphlets, and religious tracts, many of which were published by Benjamin Franklin, were distributed widely throughout the colonies and played a significant role in spreading the Great Awakening.
- Networks of Communication: The network of communication through letters and newspapers allowed news of the Great Awakening to travel quickly throughout the colonies.
- Support of the Established Churches: In some cases, the Great Awakening was supported by established churches, which helped to spread its influence.
- Conversion Experiences: People shared stories of their personal conversion experiences, which encouraged others to seek similar experiences.
- Social and Economic Changes: The Great Awakening coincided with social and economic changes in the colonies, which made people more receptive to its teachings.
These factors combined to create a groundswell of religious enthusiasm that spread throughout the colonies and had a profound impact on colonial society and culture.