- Succession disputes: When a king died without a clear heir, it could lead to a succession crisis, in which different factions within the kingdom fought for control. This could result in a civil war, which could weaken the kingdom and make it more vulnerable to attack from outside forces.
-Defeat in war: If a king's army was defeated in battle, it could lead to his downfall. This could happen if the king's army was outnumbered or outmaneuvered, or if the king's allies betrayed him.
- Economic problems: A king's power could also be undermined by economic problems, such as inflation or a decline in trade. This could make it difficult for the king to raise taxes and maintain his army, which could make him more vulnerable to attack.
- Political unrest: Political unrest within a kingdom could also lead to a king's downfall. This could be caused by a variety of factors, such as discontent among the nobility, peasant revolts, or religious conflicts.
- Assassination: Kings were also at risk of assassination. This could be done by political enemies, religious fanatics, or even by members of the king's own family.