Before the Columbian Exchange, the diets of Native Americans living in the Americas varied greatly depending on their geographical location and access to resources. However, some common foods that were consumed in different regions included:
Mesoamerica
- Maize (corn)
- Beans
- Squash
- Chillies
- Tomatoes
South America
- Potatoes
- Quinoa
- Sweet potatoes
- Cassava
North America
- Wild rice
- Salmon
- Bison
- Deer
- Squash
Native American Cooking Techniques
In addition to the diverse array of foods that they consumed, Native Americans also had a variety of cooking techniques. Some of the most common methods included:
- Baking: Native Americans used heated rocks or pottery to bake a variety of foods, including cornbread and cassava cakes.
- Boiling: Native Americans used boiling to cook various foods, including meats, vegetables, and grains.
- Steaming: Native Americans used steam to cook a variety of foods, including fish and vegetables.
- Roasting: Native Americans used roasting to cook a variety of foods, including meats, vegetables, and maize.
Impact of the Columbian Exchange on Native American Diets
The Columbian Exchange had a significant impact on Native American diets. With the introduction of new plants and animals from Europe, Africa, and Asia, the diets of Native Americans became much more diverse. This exchange of foods not only introduced new sources of nutrition, but also led to the development of new recipes and cooking techniques.