- Reason: The First Punic War was primarily a conflict over territorial control and naval supremacy in the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in Sicily. Carthage and Rome were competing powers in the region, with Carthage having a strong presence in Sicily, while Rome sought to expand its influence in the area.
- Gain: Following the First Punic War, Rome emerged victorious and gained significant territories in Sicily, including the major cities of Syracuse and Agrigento. This territorial expansion was a major milestone in Rome's rise as a dominant power in the Mediterranean.
Second Punic War (218-201 BC)
- Reason: The Second Punic War was largely sparked by Hannibal's invasion of mainland Italy after his victory at Cannae in 216 BC. Hannibal's audacious strategy caught the Romans off guard, and they faced a series of defeats.
- Gain: Despite initial setbacks, Rome ultimately prevailed in the Second Punic War, defeating Hannibal and regaining control of Hispania (present-day Spain). The war also solidified Rome's position as the dominant power in the Mediterranean region, and it gained considerable wealth and resources through its conquest of Carthage and its North African territories.
- Third Punic War (149-146 BC)
- Reason: The Third Punic War was primarily motivated by Rome's determination to eliminate Carthage as a political and economic rival. The Romans felt threatened by Carthage's potential for resurgence and believed that its destruction was necessary for Rome's continued security.
- Gain: The Third Punic War resulted in the complete destruction of Carthage and the annexation of its territories by Rome. Rome gained control of extensive lands in North Africa, including fertile agricultural areas and strategic ports, which further enhanced its wealth and power.