With the shift from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled agriculture, individuals within farming communities began specializing in specific tasks related to the production of food and other resources. This allowed for increased efficiency and productivity.
Craft Specialization:
As agricultural surpluses grew and trade developed, people were able to dedicate their time to non-agricultural activities such as crafting, metallurgy, pottery, and weaving. This created specialized artisans and crafters.
Geographic Factors:
Different geographic regions offered unique resources and favorable conditions for specific specialized industries, leading to clusters of particular crafts or trades in certain areas.
Trade and Commerce:
Expansion of trade networks enabled specialization on a larger scale as communities could focus on producing those goods or services for which they had an advantage due to resources, skills, or location, and engage in exchange for various necessities or luxury goods.