This gave British merchants the right to be tried by British law when in China. This was important as it meant that British merchants were not subject to Chinese law, which could be harsh and unpredictable.
Five Treaty Ports
These included Canton, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and Shanghai, were opened up to foreign trade. This was particularly crucial as it allowed British merchants to trade directly with China, rather than having to go through Chinese merchants or other middlemen.
The Coolie Trade:
The trade of Chinese laborers to work in British colonies. China was compelled under the terms of the agreement to recognize the validity of the coolie trade.
The Most Favoured Nation (MFN) Status:
This meant that China had to provide the same trading privileges to other foreign powers that it gave to Britain. This ensured that British merchants were not at a disadvantage compared to their competitors from other countries.