a) The Industrial Revolution sparked rapid urban growth as workers flocked to cities for employment in factories.
b) People began moving from rural areas to cities in search of jobs and better living conditions.
c) Cities experienced overcrowding and poor living conditions due to the influx of migrants.
2. Growth of Industrial Cities:
a) New industrial cities emerged around hubs of production, transforming once rural landscapes.
b) Cities like Manchester (England) and Pittsburgh (USA) became prominent industrial centers.
c) The industrial cities were often marked by polluted environments and poor housing.
3. Development of Infrastructure:
a) The Industrial Revolution necessitated advancements in infrastructure to transport raw materials and finished products.
b) Construction of roads, railways, canals, and bridges improved connectivity and facilitated trade.
4. Changes in Building Design:
a) Industrial buildings, factories, warehouses, and workers' housing reflected new architectural styles.
b) Use of new building materials, such as iron and glass, became prominent in industrial architecture.
5. Environmental Impact:
a) Industrialization brought environmental challenges, including pollution of air, water, and soil.
b) Factories and mines contributed to environmental degradation and resource depletion.
6. Urban Planning:
a) The emergence of slums and overcrowding in cities prompted urban planning initiatives.
b) Cities began regulating building construction, sanitation, and zoning to address health and safety concerns.
7. Population Growth:
a) Improved hygiene, sanitation, and nutrition during the Industrial Revolution led to a population explosion.
b) Life expectancy increased, and population growth rates accelerated.
8. Social Transformation:
a) The Industrial Revolution reshaped social structures as traditional rural communities transitioned to urban living.
b) Emergence of new social classes, such as the working class and industrial bourgeoisie.
9. Rise of Megacities:
a) Over time, some industrial cities grew into megacities, exerting significant global influence.
b) Cities like London, New York, and Tokyo emerged as centers of commerce, culture, and finance.
10. Changing Work Patterns:
a) The Industrial Revolution introduced factory work and regimented schedules, altering traditional work patterns.
b) Factory work replaced manual labor and cottage industries, leading to changes in the nature of employment.