Alexander the Great, born in Pella, Greece in 356 BC, is considered one of the greatest conquerors in the history of the ancient Near East. His conquests stretched from Greece to India, creating one of the largest empires the world had ever seen.
Alexander's Early Life
Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedon. Philip was an ambitious ruler who had already conquered much of Greece. He instilled in Alexander a love of conquest and a desire for glory.
Alexander received an education fit for a future king. He studied under Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers of all time. Aristotle taught Alexander about philosophy, politics, and warfare.
Alexander's Conquests
Alexander began his conquests at the age of 20, after his father's assassination. He quickly defeated the Greek states that had rebelled against Macedonian rule. Then he turned his attention to the Persian Empire, which was the most powerful empire in the world at the time.
Alexander invaded Persia in 334 BC. He won a series of brilliant victories, defeating the Persian armies at Issus and Gaugamela. By 331 BC, he had conquered the entire Persian Empire.
Alexander continued his conquests into India. He reached the Indus River in 326 BC, but his army was exhausted and refused to go any further. Alexander reluctantly turned back, and he died in Babylon in 323 BC at the age of 32.
Alexander's Legacy
Alexander the Great's conquests had a profound impact on the ancient Near East. His empire spread Greek culture and civilization throughout the region. He also founded many new cities, including Alexandria in Egypt.
Alexander's empire did not last long after his death. It was divided among his generals, who fought each other for control. However, Alexander's legacy lived on. He is still considered one of the greatest conquerors and military leaders in history.