The rivers of ancient Mesopotamia were prone to flooding, which could cause widespread damage and loss of life. The floods would often destroy crops, homes, and infrastructure, and could also lead to the spread of disease.
Droughts
The rivers of ancient Mesopotamia were also subject to droughts, which could cause severe water shortages and crop failures. The droughts could also lead to famine and social unrest.
Siltation
The rivers of ancient Mesopotamia carried a large amount of silt, which could clog irrigation canals and make them less effective. The silt could also damage crops and make the land less fertile.
Waterborne diseases
The rivers of ancient Mesopotamia were often contaminated with waterborne diseases, such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever. These diseases could cause widespread illness and death.