The Chachapoyas were a pre-Columbian people who lived in the cloud forests of the Andes Mountains in what is now northern Peru. They were known for their elaborate stone architecture, including the Kuelap fortress, which is considered one of the most impressive pre-Columbian ruins in Peru. The Chachapoyas were also known for their fierce resistance to the Inca Empire. In 1475, the Inca emperor Tupac Yupanqui launched a campaign against the Chachapoyas, but they were able to resist his forces for several years. Eventually, the Inca were able to defeat the Chachapoyas, but they remained a thorn in their side until the Spanish conquest of Peru in the 16th century.
Chancas
The Chancas were a pre-Columbian people who lived in the highlands of what is now Ayacucho, Peru. They were known for their military prowess and their frequent conflicts with the Inca Empire. In 1438, the Chancas launched a major offensive against the Inca, and they were able to defeat the Inca army at the Battle of Yahuar Huaca. However, the Inca were able to rally their forces and eventually defeated the Chancas. The Chancas were never able to recover from this defeat, and they eventually became absorbed into the Inca Empire.
Chimú
The Chimú were a pre-Columbian people who lived along the coast of what is now northern Peru. They were known for their advanced civilization, which included a highly developed system of canals, roads, and cities. The Chimú were also known for their metallurgy and their beautiful pottery. In 1470, the Inca emperor Tupac Yupanqui launched a campaign against the Chimú, and they were able to defeat them within a few years. The Chimú were never able to recover from this defeat, and they eventually became absorbed into the Inca Empire.
Huaylas
The Huaylas were a pre-Columbian people who lived in the Callejón de Huaylas, a valley in the Andes Mountains in what is now Peru. They were known for their agriculture and their textile production. The Huaylas were also known for their fierce resistance to the Inca Empire. In 1470, the Inca emperor Tupac Yupanqui launched a campaign against the Huaylas, but they were able to resist his forces for several years. Eventually, the Inca were able to defeat the Huaylas, but they remained a thorn in their side until the Spanish conquest of Peru in the 16th century.