Egyptian laborers also worked on the construction of temples, palaces, and other structures, often enduring harsh and dangerous conditions without modern safety equipment or machinery.
They also worked in industries such as textile production and metalworking.
Mining and quarrying were important sectors, as well, with forced laborers toiling to extract valuable minerals and transport them over great distances.
Public works projects, such as the building of roads, canals, and dams, also required substantial manpower.
Many of these tasks were organized and executed under the direction of the state or the upper classes of Egyptian society.