The Spanish treatment of the Incas during and after the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire was marked by violence, exploitation, and oppression. The Spanish conquistadors, led by Francisco Pizarro, arrived in the Inca Empire in 1532 and quickly defeated the Inca army. Pizarro then established Spanish rule over the empire and began a brutal campaign to subjugate the Inca people. The Spanish forced the Incas to work in the gold and silver mines, subjected them to forced labor and tribute, and destroyed their religious and cultural practices. Many Incas were killed, enslaved, or forced to convert to Catholicism. The Spanish also took over Inca lands and resources for their own use, leading to the decline of Inca civilization and widespread poverty among the Inca people. The Spanish treatment of the Incas was a major contributing factor to the decline of the Inca Empire and the suffering of the Inca people for centuries.