Explanation
Before the rise of chiefdoms in Neolithic societies, several key developments occurred, such as the transition from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture, the development of pottery, the invention of the plow, and the rise of villages and towns. The domestication of plants and animals, however, was a result of the Neolithic Revolution and occurred during the transition from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture. It is therefore the only option that did not occur before the rise of chiefdoms.