Plants
The Columbian Exchange introduced new plants to all three continents. Some of the most important plants that were introduced include corn, potatoes, tomatoes, and beans from the Americas; wheat, rice, and sugar from Europe; and coffee and bananas from Africa. These plants had a major impact on the diets and economies of the people of all three continents.
Animals
The Columbian Exchange also introduced new animals to all three continents. Some of the most important animals that were introduced include horses, cattle, pigs, and sheep from Europe; llamas and alpacas from the Americas; and camels and elephants from Africa. These animals had a major impact on the transportation, agriculture, and warfare of the people of all three continents.
Diseases
The Columbian Exchange also introduced new diseases to all three continents. Some of the most devastating diseases that were introduced include smallpox, measles, and yellow fever from Europe; malaria and yellow fever from Africa; and syphilis from the Americas. These diseases killed millions of people and had a major impact on the demographics and social structure of all three continents.
The Columbian Exchange was a complex and multifaceted process that had a profound impact on the history of the world. It is still being studied and debated by scholars today.