* Economic factors: Landowners often needed a large labor force to work their land, and they often turned to enslaving peasants to meet this need. This was especially true in areas where the land was particularly fertile and productive, and where there was a high demand for agricultural products.
* Political factors: Landowners often had the political power to enslave peasants. In some cases, this was due to the fact that they were members of the ruling class or had close ties to the government. In other cases, landowners were able to use their economic power to influence the government to enact laws that allowed them to enslave peasants.
* Social factors: Social norms and values also played a role in the enslavement of peasants. In many cultures, it was considered to be acceptable or even necessary to enslave people who were considered to be inferior, such as peasants. This attitude made it easier for landowners to justify enslaving peasants and to treat them as property.
* Legal factors: In some cases, landowners were able to enslave peasants through legal means. For example, in some countries, there were laws that allowed landowners to enslave peasants who were unable to pay their debts. In other cases, landowners were able to use the legal system to their advantage to take advantage of peasants.
The enslavement of peasant workers was a traumatic and dehumanizing experience for the millions of people who were subjected to it. It had a profound impact on the lives of these individuals and their families, and it left a lasting legacy of social and economic inequality.