- Iran (Persia): The core region of the Persian Empire, historically known as Persia, corresponds to the modern-day nation of Iran.
- Iraq: Parts of ancient Mesopotamia, including the cities of Babylon and Nineveh, were part of the Persian Empire and are now located within modern-day Iraq.
- Turkey: Western regions of the empire, including parts of Lydia and Ionia in present-day Turkey.
- Egypt: The Persian Empire extended its control to Egypt during its peak, and much of the Nile Valley fell under Persian rule.
- Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan: The eastern regions of the Persian Empire encompass parts of Central Asia, including modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.
- Parts of the Caucasus: Armenia and Azerbaijan were also influenced by the Persian Empire and retain aspects of Persian cultural heritage.
It's important to note that the regions formerly part of the Persian Empire have had diverse historical and cultural developments over time, and their political boundaries and identities have changed significantly since the ancient era.