Influence of Puritanism: Puritan beliefs, which were prevalent among the early colonists, emphasized the subordination of women to men. The concept of "separate spheres" was widely accepted, with men seen as the heads of households and women's roles primarily focused on domestic duties.
Legal Status and Rights: Women had limited legal rights in the colonies. They could not vote, hold public office, or own property in their own names. Their legal status was subordinate to their husbands or male guardians.
Education and Opportunities: Educational opportunities for women were restricted compared to men. Formal education was often reserved for boys, while girls were primarily educated at home in practical skills needed for domestic life.
Religious Roles: Women were not permitted to preach or hold positions of religious authority in most colonial churches. Their participation in religious activities was largely confined to supporting roles, such as teaching children and assisting in charitable works.
Resistance and Advocacy: Despite these limitations, there were women who challenged the prevailing ideas and advocated for greater equality. Notable women like Anne Hutchinson and Mary Dyer spoke out against religious orthodoxy and fought for the right to express their beliefs.
Changing Attitudes: As the colonies developed, there was a gradual shift in attitudes towards women. Enlightenment ideas, which emphasized individual rights and reason, began to influence societal views. This led to some improvement in women's rights and increased opportunities for education.
It is important to note that societal views on gender roles were complex and evolving during the colonial period. There were certainly individuals who held strong beliefs in the inferiority of women, but there were also those who recognized and valued women's contributions to society. The struggle for women's equality was an ongoing process that continued long after the colonial era.