Women's Fashion:
1. Crinolines: The mid 1850s marked the peak of the crinoline era. Crinolines, or large hooped petticoats, gave dresses a bell-shaped appearance and were essential for achieving the desired silhouette.
2. Gowns: Dresses were typically full-skirted and floor-length, with fitted bodices and low waists. They were often made from luxurious fabrics like silk, velvet, and satin.
3. Sleeves: Sleeves varied in styles, including puffed sleeves, balloon sleeves, and leg-of-mutton sleeves (wide at the shoulder and tapering at the wrist).
4. Necklines: Necklines were often high and modest, with elaborate trimmings of lace, ribbons, and frills.
5. Trimmings: Dresses were adorned with intricate trimmings such as ruffles, flounces, bows, and passementerie (decorative braids and cords).
6. Accessories: Women wore bonnets or hats with elaborate decorations, along with gloves, parasols, and shawls. Jewelry was often delicate and included brooches, earrings, and necklaces.
Men's Fashion:
1. Tailored Suits: Men's suits consisted of a coat with a high collar, a matching waistcoat, and trousers. The coats were usually double-breasted and frock-coat style, reaching to just below the hips.
2. Trousers: Trousers were full-length and straight-legged, with a slight taper at the ankle. They were secured with braces (suspenders) and typically made from woolen fabrics like tweed.
3. Shirts: Men wore white linen shirts with high collars and starched cuffs.
4. Waistcoats: Waistcoats, also called vests, were essential and worn under the coat. They added color and texture to the outfit and were often made from contrasting fabrics.
5. Neckwear: Neckties were the primary form of neckwear, typically tied in intricate knots. Ascots, which were wide, scarf-like ties, were also popular.
6. Hats: Top hats were the preferred choice for formal occasions, while bowler hats were more common for casual wear.
7. Footwear: Men wore leather boots or shoes, often with high heels and square toes.
8. Accessories: Accessories included pocket watches, walking canes, and gloves.
It's important to note that fashion during this period was highly class-dependent. The upper classes wore more elaborate and expensive clothing, while the working classes opted for simpler and more practical attire.