- Spanish explorer and conquistador Hernán Cortés lands on the coast of Mexico.
1518
- Cortés meets with the Aztec emperor Moctezuma II, who allows the Spanish to trade with the Aztecs.
1519-1520
- Cortés and his Spanish allies launch an attack on the Aztecs, culminating in the Spanish capture of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital.
1521
- The Aztecs are defeated and Moctezuma II is killed. The Spanish establish control over the Aztec Empire.