- The ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife, where the pharaoh would continue to reign as the divine ruler.
- Building elaborate tombs, such as those in the Valley of the Kings, was considered essential for the pharaoh's journey into the afterlife.
- The tombs were designed to protect the pharaoh's body and contain all the provisions and treasures needed for the afterlife.
Geographical Factors:
- The Valley of the Kings is located on the west bank of the Nile River, which the ancient Egyptians associated with the realm of the dead (the "Duat").
- The valley's isolated and rugged terrain provided natural protection against grave robbers and desecration.
Symbolism and Tradition:
- The Valley of the Kings became a royal necropolis following the transition from the Old Kingdom to the Middle Kingdom (around 2055 BC).
- Early pharaohs were buried in pyramids. However, by the New Kingdom period (around 1550-1070 BC), the tradition shifted to rock-cut tombs in the Valley of the Kings. This change may have been influenced by religious beliefs, symbolic associations, or practical considerations related to tomb security.
Preservation Concerns:
- The pyramids, which were prominent tombs during the Old Kingdom, faced challenges in terms of structural stability and vulnerability to looting.
- Rock-cut tombs offered better protection against these issues, hence their adoption in the Valley of the Kings.
Continuity and Prestige:
- Each pharaoh aimed to surpass his predecessors in terms of tomb grandeur and innovation.
- Over time, the elaborate decorations and architectural features of the tombs in the Valley of the Kings showcased the power, wealth, and religious devotion of the pharaohs.