Infrastructure:
1. Water Supply: Cities invested in building modern water supply systems, ensuring a reliable and clean water supply to residents.
2. Sewerage Systems: Improved sewerage systems were constructed to effectively manage wastewater and reduce the risk of disease outbreaks.
3. Electricity: The introduction of electric power transformed city life, providing lighting, heating, and the operation of various appliances.
4. Urban Planning: City planning and zoning regulations were implemented to improve urban aesthetics, traffic flow, and overall city design.
Transportation:
1. Public Transportation: Electric streetcars and subways became popular modes of public transportation, making it easier for residents to move around the city.
2. Automobiles: The increasing affordability of automobiles led to the expansion of city suburbs and changed the way people commuted to work and leisure activities.
Sanitation:
1. Garbage Collection: Regular garbage collection services were established, improving sanitation and reducing the risk of diseases caused by waste buildup.
2. Hygiene Practices: Public health campaigns promoted better hygiene practices, leading to reduced disease rates.
Housing:
1. Tenement Reform: Reforms were introduced to improve living conditions in tenement buildings, addressing overcrowding and unsanitary conditions.
2. Suburban Development: The expansion of transportation options facilitated the development of suburbs, offering more spacious and affordable housing options for city residents.
Public Services:
1. Public Libraries: Free public libraries became accessible to residents, expanding educational opportunities and cultural enrichment.
2. Public Parks: Cities developed public parks and green spaces, providing recreational areas for residents to enjoy nature and recreation.
3. Healthcare: Hospitals and medical clinics improved healthcare access for city dwellers.
4. Fire Departments: Fire departments were established and equipped to respond effectively to fires and emergencies.
5. Educational Institutions: Cities expanded their educational institutions, offering a wider range of educational opportunities to their residents.
Overall, the late 1800s and early 1900s saw significant advancements in city life, contributing to improved living standards, public health, and overall well-being for urban populations.