The vast majority of Greeks worked in agriculture. The main crops were wheat, barley, olives, and grapes. Figs, melons, and pomegranates were also grown. Sheep and goats were raised for their meat and wool. Cattle were used for plowing and transportation.
Trade
The Greeks were also a seafaring people, and they engaged in trade with other cultures. They exported olive oil, wine, pottery, and other goods. In exchange, they imported grain, metals, and luxury goods.
Crafts
The Greeks were skilled artisans, and they produced a wide variety of goods, including pottery, jewelry, furniture, and textiles. Greek pottery was especially renowned for its beauty and craftsmanship.
Government and Military
A small percentage of Greeks worked in government or the military. The government was a democracy, and all male citizens were eligible to participate in the assembly and vote on laws. The military was responsible for defending the city-state from attack.
Slavery
Slavery was a common practice in ancient Greece. Slaves were used for a variety of tasks, including household chores, agriculture, and mining. Slaves were not considered to be citizens, and they had no rights under the law.