Terracing
The Aztecs built terraces on the sides of hills and mountains to create level planting surfaces. This allowed them to farm in areas that would otherwise be too steep for cultivation. The terraces also helped to prevent erosion and conserve water.
Irrigation
The Aztecs used irrigation to water their crops, especially during the dry season. They built canals and aqueducts to bring water from rivers and lakes to their fields. They also used a system of raised beds to help distribute water evenly.
Crop Rotation
The Aztecs practiced crop rotation to maintain soil fertility. They would grow different crops in the same field in successive years, which helped to prevent the soil from becoming depleted of nutrients.
Varieties of Crops
The Aztecs grew a wide variety of crops, including maize, beans, squash, and tomatoes. Maize was the most important crop, and it was used to make tortillas, tamales, and other dishes. Beans were also a staple food, and they were often cooked together with maize. Squash was used in soups, stews, and other dishes. Tomatoes were used in sauces and salsas.
The Aztecs also grew a variety of other crops, including chile peppers, avocados, and cacao. Chile peppers were used to add spice to food, while avocados were used in guacamole and other dishes. Cacao was used to make chocolate, which was a popular drink among the Aztecs.
The Aztec farming system was a highly efficient and productive system that supported a large and growing population. The Aztecs were able to achieve high yields by using a variety of techniques, including terracing, irrigation, and crop rotation. They also made use of a variety of plants, including maize, beans, squash, and tomatoes.